Future; tenses after if and when;

 When using "if" and "when" to talk about future events, the verb tense used in the main clause depends on the verb tense used in the subordinate clause. Here are some examples and explanations of the different verb tenses used after "if" and "when" in the future tense:

1. If + simple present tense, main clause will + base form verb

Example: If it rains, I will stay at home.

In this example, "if" is followed by the simple present tense "rains", and the main clause uses "will" + the base form of the verb "stay" to talk about a future action.

2. If + simple past tense, main clause would + base form verb

Example: If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.

In this example, "if" is followed by the simple past tense "won", and the main clause uses "would" + the base form of the verb "buy" to talk about a hypothetical future event.

3. When + simple present tense, main clause will + base form verb

Example: When I see her, I will give her the message.

In this example, "when" is followed by the simple present tense "see", and the main clause uses "will" + the base form of the verb "give" to talk about a future action.

4. When + present progressive tense, main clause will + be + present participle

Example: When I am studying, I will not answer the phone.

In this example, "when" is followed by the present progressive tense "am studying", and the main clause uses "will" + "be" + the present participle "answering" to talk about a future action.

Overall, when using "if" and "when" to talk about future events, it is important to pay attention to the verb tenses used in both the subordinate clause and the main clause in order to use the correct tense and convey the intended meaning.

Here are some exercises to help you practice using the correct verb tense after "if" and "when" in the future tense:

1. If it ___________ (rain), we will stay inside.
2. If she ___________ (finish) her work early, she will go for a run.
3. If they ___________ (not come) to the party, we will be disappointed.
4. When she ___________ (arrive) at the airport, we will pick her up.
5. When they ___________ (get) married, they will move to a new city.

Answers:

1. rains
2. finishes
3. don't come
4. arrives
5. get

Explanation:

In each of these examples, "if" or "when" is followed by a verb in the present tense or simple past tense in the subordinate clause, and the main clause uses "will" + the appropriate verb tense to talk about a future action or event. It is important to use the correct verb tense in both the subordinate clause and the main clause to convey the intended meaning and avoid confusion.

Here's an exercise where you need to use "if" or "when" with the present tense of a verb:

1. ___________ you see him, tell him I said hello.
2. ___________ it snows, we'll build a snowman.
3. I'll be happy ___________ I finish this project.
4. ___________ you eat too much, you'll feel sick.
5. ___________ the train arrives, we'll board it.

Answers:

1. When
2. If
3. when
4. If
5. When

Explanation:

In each of these examples, "if" or "when" is followed by the present tense of a verb to talk about a future event or action. In some cases, either "if" or "when" could be used depending on the intended meaning, but in general "when" is used to describe an expected event, while "if" is used to describe a potential event that may or may not happen.