120 Grammar Lessons 41-43

 41. Conjunctions 

One conjunction is enough to join two clauses. 

English does not require a second conjunction. 

• Incorrect: Though he is old but he is healthy. 

• Correct: Though he is old he is healthy. OR He is old but he is healthy. 

• Incorrect: As he was fat so he ran slowly. 

• Correct: As he was fat he ran slowly. OR He was fat so he ran slowly. 

• Incorrect: If you work hard then you will succeed. 

• Correct: If you work hard you will succeed. 

• Incorrect: Because he is clever therefore he gets good marks.

 • Correct: Because he is clever he gets good marks. 

42. Correlatives ( A word or concept that has a mutual relationship with another word or concept.)

When the correlatives either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also are used, you must see that they are placed before words of the same part of speech. 

• Incorrect: The car either dashed against a dog or a goat. (verb-noun) 

• Correct: The car dashed against either a dog or a goat. (noun-noun) 

• Incorrect: Neither he would eat nor allow us to eat. (noun-verb) 

• Correct: He would neither eat nor allow us to eat. (verb-verb) 

• Incorrect: Neither he smokes nor drinks. (noun-verb) 

• Correct: He neither smokes nor drinks. (verb-verb) 

43. Dead and died

Dead is an adjective. 

It is used to modify a noun.

 • He is dead. (NOT He is died.) 

• A dead man (NOT A died man) Died is the past tense and the past participle of the verb die.

 • He has died. (NOT He has dead.) 

• He died last year. (NOT He dead last year.) 

44. Determiners 

Articles (a/an, the), possessives (my, your, his, her, their, our etc.) and demonstratives (this, that, these and those) are called Group A determiners.

Note that we cannot put two Group A determiners together. 

We can say my cat, the cat or that cat, but not the my cat or my that cat. In order to put together the meanings of a possessive and an article or a demonstrative, we use a structure with of. 

• He is a friend of mine. (NOT He is a my friend.) 

• These shoes of mine pinch me terribly. (NOT These my shoes pinch me terribly.) 

• Those dirty fingers of yours have stained the walls. (NOT Those your dirty fingers have ...)

120 Grammar lessons 38-40

 38. Common preposition + noun combinations 

• At the cinema; at the theatre; at the party; at university

 • By car/bike/bus/train/boat/plane/land/sea/air 

• On the radio; on TV; on the phone 

• In pen/pencil/ink • In a suit/raincoat/shirt/skirt/hat etc 

39. Comparatives and superlatives 

 The comparative (e.g. taller, sharper, stronger, heavier, shorter etc.) is used to compare one person or thing with another person or thing.

 • John is taller than Peter.

 • Alice is cleverer than Mary. The superlative (e.g. tallest, sharpest, strongest, heaviest, shortest etc.) is used to compare somebody or something with the whole group to which she/he/it belongs. 

• John is the tallest boy in the class. 

• Alice is the prettiest of the four girls. 

• He is the best player in the team. When a group has only two members, we prefer the comparative to the superlative. 

• Incorrect: Take the shortest of the two routes. 

• Correct: Take the shorter of the two routes.

 • Incorrect: She is the prettiest of the two sisters. 

• Correct: She is the prettier of the two sisters. 

40. Comparatives: a common error In comparative sentences be careful to compare the same part of two things. 

That of, these of and those of are necessary words that are often omitted.

• Incorrect: His teaching was like Jesus Christ. 

• Correct: His teaching was like that of Jesus Christ. 

• Incorrect: The size of the shoe must be the same as this shoe. 

• Correct: The size of the shoe must be the same as that of this shoe. 

• Incorrect: My books are better than my friend. 

• Correct: My books are better than those of my friend. 

120 Grammar lessons 35-36-37

 35. Cloth and clothes 

Cloth is the material used for making clothes. 

Clothes are things you wear. 

• His clothes are made of expensive cloth. 

36. Collective nouns

 Group words or collective nouns take a singular verb if you are talking of the group as a whole. 

They take a plural verb if you are talking about the individual members of the group. 

Compare: 

• The jury is in the courtroom. (Here we are talking about the whole group.) 

• The jury are still debating the case.

 (Here we are talking about the individual members of the group.)

 Note: 

Collective nouns are always singular in American English. 

37. Come and go

 Come is used for movements to the place where the speaker or hearer is. 

• Come to me. (Movement towards the speaker) 

• 'Alice, can you come here?' 'Yes, I am coming.' (NOT I am going.) 

• Can I come and sit beside you? 

(Movement towards the hearer) Go is used for movements to other places. 

• Let's go and see them. (NOT Let's come and see them.) 

• I want to go and live in the hills. (NOT I want to come and live in the hills.) 

120 Grammar lessons 32-34

 32. But 

• Incorrect: He is the fastest runner and he came last. 

• Correct: He is the fastest runner but he came last. 

 But is the conjunction to use when the second main clause gives unexpected or contradictory information. 

33. Change of tense 

The first verb in a sentence establishes the tense of any verb that comes later. 

If you begin writing in the past, don’t change to the present. 

Similarly, if you begin writing in the present, don’t change to the past.

 • Incorrect: In the story, the king loses his kingdom, but he regained everything in the end. 

• Correct: In the story, the king loses his kingdom, but he regains everything in the end. 

• Incorrect: The team won yesterday, but goes and loses this afternoon. 

• Correct: The team won yesterday, but went and lost this afternoon. 

34. Close and shut 

There is little difference of meaning between close and shut.

• Shut/close your eyes.

 • Can you close/shut the door?

 • They close/shut the shops at 8 o'clock. 

Cases where close is preferred We close (and not shut) roads, letters, bank accounts, meetings etc.

 • You should close your existing account before opening a new account. (NOT You should shut your existing account …

120 Grammar lessons 29-31

 29. Big, large and great 

We use big and large with concrete nouns - the names of objects which we can see or touch. 

In an informal style, big is more common than large. 

• He has got big / large feet. 

• They have a large / big house in the city. 

We use great with abstract nouns - the names of things which we cannot see or touch.

 • I think it was a great mistake.

 • I have great respect for him.

 In an informal style big is also used with countable abstract nouns. 

Large is not used with abstract nouns. 

• I think it was a big mistake. (BUT NOT I think it was a large mistake.) 

None of these three words are used with uncountable nouns.

 • I have got a lot of luggage. (NOT I have got big/large/great luggage.)

30. Born and borne 

The passive form of the verb born (be + born) is used to talk about coming into the world at birth. 

• He was born to poor parents. 

• I was born on a Friday. 

• She was born in Italy. 

Borne is the past participle form of the verb bear. 

It is sometimes used to mean 'give birth to' or 'carry'.

 • She has borne eight children. (= She has given birth to eight children.) 

31. Bring and take 

• Incorrect: I don't know what to bring when I leave for the conference.

• Correct: I don't know what to take when I leave for the conference.

 • Incorrect: I shall bring my wife with me when I go.

 • Correct: I shall take my wife with me when I go.

 • Incorrect: Take that book to me at my desk. 

• Correct: Bring that book to me at my desk. 

Use bring when something is being moved towards the speaker.

 • Bring me that book. 

Use take when something is being moved away from the area of the speaker. 

• Take that file with you. (Here the file is being moved away from the area of the speaker.)

120 Grammar lessons

 

23. Begin and start 

There is little or no difference between begin and start. 

Begin is more common in a formal style.

 • He started / began working when he was 19.

 • We will begin / start the next lesson tomorrow. 

• It is time to begin / start work. 

We start (but not begin) a journey or a machine. 

• We started in the morning and reached before sunset. (NOT We began in the morning...) 

• How do you start a washing machine? (NOT How do you begin a washing machine?) 

• At last the train started. (NOT At last the train began.)

 24. Beside and besides 

Beside is a preposition. It means 'by' or 'next to'. 

• The mother sat beside her children. 

• Who is that fat lady sitting beside Peter? 

Besides is similar to as well as. It is used to add new information to what is already known. 

• Besides the violin, he can play the guitar and the piano. 

• Who was at the party besides Jane and Peter? 

25. Besides, except and apart from 

These expressions often cause confusion. 

Besides usually adds whereas except subtracts. 

Compare: • Besides mathematics, we have to learn physics and chemistry. (We learn three subjects.)

 • He can play all musical instruments except the flute. (He can’t play the flute.) 

• Apart from mathematics, we have to learn physics and chemistry. (= Besides mathematics, we have to ...) 

• He can play all musical instruments apart from the violin. (= He can play all musical instruments except the violin.

120 grammar lessons

 26. Between and among 

We use between with two or more clearly separate people or things. 

We use among when the reference is to a group, a crowd, or a mass of people or things which we do not see separately. 

• She sat between Alice and Mary. (Two clearly separate people) 

• She sat among her students. 

• There is a tourist home between the woods, the river and the hills. (Three clearly separate things) 

• The tourist home is hidden among the trees. 

We use between, not among, after difference. 

• What is the main difference between a square and a rectangle? 

27. Between and during 

• Incorrect: England grew prosperous between Queen Victoria's reign. 

• Correct: England grew prosperous during Queen Victoria's reign.

 • Incorrect: The First World War was fought during 1914 - 18. 

• Correct: The First World War was fought between 1914 - 18. Two events must be mentioned if you want to use between. 

28. Between and from 

A common mistake that is often noticed these days is the use of to after between. 

• Incorrect: The interview will be held between 2 to 4pm. 

• Correct: The interview will be held between 2 and 4 pm. 

• Incorrect: The conference will take place between the 12th to the 18th of this month. 

• Correct: The conference will take place between the 12th and the 18th of this month. Or else you can say: 

• The interview will be held from 2 to 4 pm. 

• The conference will take place from the 12th to the 18th of this month.

120 grammar lessons 19-22

  19. Beat and win 

Beat is usually followed by an object which refers to the person you are playing or fighting against.

 • She always beats me at poker. 

Win can also be followed by an object, but it usually refers to things like money or prize. You can also win in a game, a race, a battle or an argument. 

• She won the first prize in the quiz competition. 

• She always wins when we play poker. 

20. Because 

• Incorrect: He did not come to school. Because he was ill. 

• Correct: He did not come to school because he was ill.

 This is a very common punctuation mistake. Because is a subordinating conjunction. It must not be separated from its main clause by a full stop. 

21. Because and because of 

Because is a conjunction. 

It is used to join two clauses and is followed by a subject and verb. 

• We couldn’t go out because it rained. 

• I did it because he told me to do it. Note that the ‘because clause’ can come before or after the main clause. 

• Because it was so hot, we went home. 

• We went home because it was so hot. 

Because of is a two-word preposition. 

It is used before a noun or a pronoun. 

• We couldn’t go out because of the rain. 

• I did it because of him.

 22. Because and for 

• Incorrect: I am glad for tomorrow is a holiday. 

• Correct: I am glad because tomorrow is a holiday. For is hardly wrong, but it is better to use because to introduce a casual clause. 

English Model Verb Table

 

English Modal Verbs Table

Modal verb	Usage	Example
can	ability	I can do several things at the same time.
	when something is possible	Miracles can happen.
	permission	You can go now.
	informal requests	Can you come here for a minute?
could	past form of "can"	She said she could pay for us as well.
	polite requests	Could you move your bag, please?
	possibility	It could be that he missed the train.
may	possibility	It may rain tomorrow.
	ask for or give permission (formal)	May I speak?
might	past form of "may"	He said he might change his mind.
	possibility	This might fail.
must	you have to do it	You must obey the law.
	it's very logical or very likely to happen	They left so early, they must be home by now.
must not/ mustn't	you are not allowed to do it	You mustn't smoke in here.
shall	future for "I" and "we"	I shall see him tomorrow.
	questions and suggestions for "I" and "we"	Let's continue, shall we?
should	the right thing to do	She should call the police.
	advice	- What should I do? - You should stop thinking about it.
	what is likely or expected to happen	We should be back by midnight.
will	future action or states (not plans)	Prices will go up next summer.
	promises and intentions	It's alright, I'll pick it up.
would	past form of "will"	He told me he would come.
	imagined situations	What would you do if you were him?
	for polite requests, offers and invitations	- Would you please sit down? - Would you like some tea? - We are meeting with Sarah next Saturday, would you like to come along?
	to say what you want to do or have	I would like a piece of cake.
ought to	the right thing to do	You ought to apologize.

Avenge; and revenge; Back and again: Bath and Bathe

  16. Avenge and revenge 

• Incorrect: I must revenge my father. 

• Correct: I must avenge my father.

• Incorrect: I must revenge my enemy. 

• Correct: I must take revenge on my enemy. These two words are often confused. To 'avenge my father' means to ‘punish someone who has hurt my father’.

 17. Back and again 

When used with a verb, back suggests a return to an earlier situation or a movement in the opposite direction. 

• Give me my watch back. (NOT Give me my watch again.)

 • Take your money back. 

• Put the book back on the shelf when you have finished with it.

 • These mangoes aren't good. I am taking them back to the shop. When used with a verb, again suggests repetition. 

• I did not hear what you said. 

Please say it again. 

• That was a lovely song. Can you play it again? 

18. Bath and bathe 

In British English, the verb bath is used to mean 'wash oneself in a bath tub'.

 • Children should bath regularly. 

The verb bath is not used in American English. Instead, the expressions 'have a bath' or 'take a bath' are used. 

• As I was feeling hot, I took a bath. In British English, bathe means 'swim for pleasure'. It is very formal. 

In an informal style, we use the expressions 'have a swim' or 'go for a swim'.

 • He said he had a good bathe. 

In American English, bathe is used to mean 'take a bath'. 

• I always bathe before I go to bed. (= I always take a bath before I go to bed.) 

Note that to lie in the sun is to sunbathe.

120 Grammar lessons

 13. Article a – correct use 

The article 'a' placed in front of a noun conveys the idea of 'one'. When writing about two separate objects, a second 'a' must be used. 

If the two objects are considered as one, then the second 'a' may be left out.

 • Incorrect: I have a hammer and chisel. 

• Correct: I have a hammer and a chisel. (Here we are talking about two separate objects.)

 • Incorrect: She has a son and daughter. 

• Correct: She has a son and a daughter. 

• Incorrect: The mechanic used a block and a tackle to lift the machine. 

• Correct: The mechanic used a block and tackle to lift the machine. (Here we are talking about one object.) 

14. Ask and ask for 

Ask for: ask somebody to give something 

Ask: ask somebody to tell something 

• He asked me for a loan. (NOT He asked me a loan.)

 • They asked ten dollars for the book. 

• If you don't know the answer, ask the teacher. • Don't ask me my name. (NOT Don’t ask me for my name)  

15. At first and first 

At first is used to talk about the beginning of a situation. 

It is often followed by but. 

In other cases, we usually use first.

 • At first everything seemed fine, but then things started going wrong. 

• I first met her at a restaurant. 

Anyhow; Somehow: Articles

 11. Anyhow and somehow 

• Incorrect: He did it anyhow. 

• Correct: He managed to do it somehow. 

• Incorrect: He keeps his things somehow in his desk.

 • Correct: He keeps his things anyhow in his desk. (= He doesn’t keep his things in order.) 

• Incorrect: He may not come but somehow I shall. 

• Correct: He may not come but anyhow I shall. (= I will certainly come.) 

Use 'anyhow' to mean 'in disorder'. ‘Anyhow’ can also mean 'for certain'. 

12. Articles 

The misuse of the and a is very common. 

Here are the basic rules for the use and omission of articles. 

Proper nouns (e.g. John, Alice and India) do not take articles. 

• Incorrect: The John is my friend. 

• Correct: John is my friend. 

• Incorrect: The Tokyo is a big city. 

• Correct: Tokyo is a big city. 

A singular common noun (e.g. boy, cat, tree, book, apple etc.) must have an article.

 • Incorrect: There is cat on roof. 

• Correct: There is a cat on the roof. A plural common noun cannot be used with the article a. It is usually used with no article, though 'some' is sometimes used before it. Compare: 

• A spider has eight legs. • Spiders have eight legs. 

Remember that a noun can be common in one sentence and proper in another sentence. A superlative adjective is usually used with the. 

• Incorrect: He is best player in the team.

 • Correct: He is the best player in the team.

13. Article a – correct use 

The article 'a' placed in front of a noun conveys the idea of 'one'. When writing about two separate objects, a second 'a' must be used. 

If the two objects are considered as one, then the second 'a' may be left out.

 • Incorrect: I have a hammer and chisel. 

• Correct: I have a hammer and a chisel. (Here we are talking about two separate objects.)

 • Incorrect: She has a son and daughter. 

• Correct: She has a son and a daughter. 

• Incorrect: The mechanic used a block and a tackle to lift the machine. 

• Correct: The mechanic used a block and tackle to lift the machine. (Here we are talking about one object.) 

Some Grammar lessons we should keep in mind.

 1. According to 

• Incorrect: According to me, she should have resigned earlier. • 

Correct: In my opinion, she should have resigned earlier. We do not give our own opinions with according to. 

2. Across and through 

The difference between across and through is similar to the difference between on and in. We use through to talk about movement in three dimensional spaces with things on all sides. 

• We walked across the field. (= We were on the field.) 

• We walked through the wood. (= We were in the wood.) 

3. Adjectives ending in -ly

• Incorrect: She smiled friendly. 

• Correct: She smiled in a friendly way.

• Incorrect: He laughed silly. • 

Correct: He gave a silly laugh Here the error lies in using an adjective instead of an adverb. 

We use adverbs to modify verbs. Most adverbs end in –ly; there are also a few adjectives that end in – ly. Examples are: costly, friendly, lively, likely, lonely, lovely, silly and ugly. There are no adverbs costly/costlily or friendly/friendlily. 

4. Ago and before • 

Incorrect: His father died three years before. 

• Correct: His father died three years ago. 

Ago is used to count back from the present. It is used with a past tense and a time expression. 

Before is used when you date back from any point of time which is made specific. • I saw him two years before I went to England. 

5. All and every • 

Incorrect: Every children need love. 

• Correct: Every child needs love. 

• Incorrect: All the light was out. 

• Correct: All the lights were out. Every is used with a singular noun. All is used with a plural noun. 

6. All right and alright The standard spelling is all right, but alright is more common although many people consider it incorrect. 

7. Already and all ready 

• Incorrect: We are already for the show. 

• Correct: We are all ready for the show. 

• Incorrect: They have all ready arrived. 

• Correct: They have already arrived. All ready means ‘all are ready’. Already means 'by now' or 'sooner than expected'. 

• The train had already left before we reached the station. 

• The patient had already died before the doctor arrived. 

 8. Alternate and alternative 

Alternative means 'different', 'instead', 'on the other hand'. 

• We will make an alternative arrangement if these plans don't suit you. 

• I had to go. There was no alternative. Alternate means 'every second' or 'in turns'. He only comes to work on alternate days. 

9. Altogether and all together 

Altogether means ‘entirely’ or ‘everything considered’. 

• I don’t altogether agree. 

• It is altogether wrong to ill-treat animals. All together simply means ‘everybody / everything together’.

 • They all went out together. 

• She put the glasses all together in the sink. 

10. Any and some 

Both some and any suggest an indefinite amount or number. Some is more common in affirmative clauses. Any is used in questions and negative clauses. Compare:

 • I need some pencils. (NOT I need any pencils.) 

• Have you got any pencils? • Sorry, I haven't got any pencils. 

 

The poem of the day

 

The Delight Song of Tsoai-talee BY N. SCOTT MOMADAY

I am a feather on the bright sky I am the blue horse that runs in the plain I am the fish that rolls, shining, in the water I am the shadow that follows a child I am the evening light, the lustre of meadows I am an eagle playing with the wind I am a cluster of bright beads I am the farthest star I am the cold of dawn I am the roaring of the rain I am the glitter on the crust of the snow I am the long track of the moon in a lake I am a flame of four colors I am a deer standing away in the dusk I am a field of sumac and the pomme blanche I am an angle of geese in the winter sky I am the hunger of a young wolf I am the whole dream of these things You see, I am alive, I am alive I stand in good relation to the earth I stand in good relation to the gods I stand in good relation to all that is beautiful I stand in good relation to the daughter of Tsen-tainte You see, I am alive, I am alive

Ten golden grammar rules

 Here are ten golden grammar rules in English:

1. Use proper capitalization: Capitalize the first letter of proper nouns, the first letter of sentences, and the first letter of words in titles.

2. Subject-verb agreement: Make sure the subject and verb agree in number and person.

3. Use of articles: Use "a" before a word that starts with a consonant sound and "an" before a word that starts with a vowel sound. Use "the" to refer to a specific noun.

4. Punctuation: Use punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and question marks to indicate the structure and meaning of a sentence.

5. Pronouns: Use pronouns to avoid repetition of nouns. Make sure the pronoun agrees with the antecedent in gender, number, and person.

6. Word order: Use correct word order to convey the intended meaning of a sentence.

7. Use of adjectives and adverbs: Use adjectives to modify nouns and pronouns, and use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

8. Use of prepositions: Use prepositions to indicate the relationship between words in a sentence.

9. Use of conjunctions: Use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence.

10. Spelling: Use correct spelling of words, and pay attention to common spelling rules and patterns.

By following these golden grammar rules, you can communicate effectively in English and avoid common mistakes.

Future in the past: other ideas

 There are other ways to express the idea that something was still in the future at a certain time in the past. Here are some alternative ways:

1. Past continuous: You can use the past continuous tense to describe an action that was happening at a certain time in the past and was expected to continue in the future. For example: "At 5 pm yesterday, I was still studying for my exam, which was scheduled for the next day."

2. Future perfect: You can use the future perfect tense to describe an action that will be completed at a certain time in the future, looking back from a past point in time. For example: "By the end of the week, I will have finished my project, which at the time was still in the future."

3. Modal verbs: You can use modal verbs such as "would," "could," "should," or "might" followed by the base form of the verb to express an action that was still in the future at a certain time in the past. For example: "I thought I might go to the movies later, but I wasn't sure."

4. Phrases: You can use phrases such as "at that time," "back then," or "in those days" to indicate the time frame you are referring to. For example: "Back then, we didn't have smartphones like we do now."

These are just a few examples of how you can express the idea that something was still in the future at a certain time in the past. The choice of tense and expression will depend on the specific context and what you want to convey.

Here are some illustrations and exercises to help you practice using different ways to express the idea of the future in the past:

1. Past Continuous:

Illustration: "At 7 pm yesterday, I was still working on my project, which was due the next day."

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentence using the past continuous tense to indicate an action that was still in progress at a certain time in the past:

"At 10 am this morning, I was planning my schedule for the week ahead."

Answer: "At 10 am this morning, I was still planning my schedule for the week ahead."

2. Future Perfect:

Illustration: "By the time we arrived at the hotel, we will have traveled for over 12 hours."

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentence using the future perfect tense to indicate that an action will be completed by a certain time in the future, looking back from a past point in time:

"At the time, I didn't know that I would finish the book by the end of the week."

Answer: "At the time, I didn't know that I would have finished the book by the end of the week."

3. Modal Verbs:

Illustration: "I thought I could complete the task by the end of the day, but it turned out to be more difficult than I expected."

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentence using a modal verb to indicate the uncertainty of a future action at a certain time in the past:

"She said she would come to the party, but I wasn't sure if she would actually show up."

Answer: "She said she might come to the party, but I wasn't sure if she would actually show up."

4. Phrases:

Illustration: "In those days, we used to go to the beach every summer."

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentence using a phrase to indicate a specific time frame:

"Last year, we went on a road trip across the country."

Answer: "At that time, we went on a road trip across the country."

I hope these illustrations and exercises help you understand and practice using different ways to express the idea of the future in the past.

Future in the past

 Here is the chart for the future in the past tense:

Pronoun	Auxiliary verb (would)	Base form of the main verb
I	would	study
You	would	study
He/She/It	would	study
We	would	study
They	would	study

The future in the past tense is used to describe a future event from a past perspective. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "would" followed by the base form of the main verb.

Examples:

1. She said she would study hard for the exam the next day.
2. They hoped that they would arrive at the airport on time.
3. He wondered if he would meet his deadline for the project.

Rules:

1. The future in the past tense is used to describe a future event from a past perspective.
2. It is formed using the auxiliary verb "would" followed by the base form of the main verb.
3. The tense is often used to talk about past plans, predictions, expectations, or intentions about future events.

Here are some exercises to help you practice using the future in the past tense:

1. Rewrite the following sentences in the future in the past tense:

a. They will have a party next weekend. b. I will finish my work by tomorrow. c. She will start her new job next month.

2. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the future in the past tense:

a. He told me he ___________ study hard for the test the next day. b. She wondered if she ___________ be able to catch the train in time. c. They said they ___________ help us with the project.

Answers:

1. a. They would have a party the following weekend. b. I would finish my work by the next day. c. She would start her new job the following month.
2. a. would, b. would be, c. would help us

Explanation:

In these exercises, you need to use the future in the past tense to describe a future event from a past perspective. Remember to use the auxiliary verb "would" followed by the base form of the main verb. Also, pay attention to the context of the sentence and the time perspective. The future in the past tense is often used to talk about past plans, predictions, expectations, or intentions about future events.