Relative clauses – defining relative clauses
Fjalitë e varura lidhore – fjalitë lidhore përcaktuese
Do you know how to define who or what you are talking about using relative clauses? Look at these examples to see how defining relative clauses are used.
A dini se si të përcaktoni se rreth kujt apo çfarë ju jeni duke folur duke përdorur fjalitë lidhore? Shihni këta shembuj për të parë se si përdoren fjalitë lidhore përcaktuese.
Are you the one who sent me the email?
The phone which has the most features is also the most expensive.
This is the video that I wanted to show you.
The person they spoke to was really helpful.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
Provoni këtë ushtrim për të testuar njohuritë tuaja gramatikore.
Choose all the correct options.
Zgjidhni të gjitha opsionet e sakta.
The woman ___ called said she'd ring again later.
who
which
that
–
One of the people ___ I admire the most is Nelson Mandela.
who
that
whose
–
That's the man ___ daughter is a professional footballer.
who
which
that
whose
Where's the book ___ Paul lent you?
who
which
that
–
I'm looking for something ___ will clean glass.
who
which
that
–
The day ___ they met was her birthday.
who
when
whose
where
The park ___ I go running is really peaceful.
where
that
which
whose
That's exactly the information ___ I needed!
that
who
which
–
Read the explanation to learn more.
Lexoni shpjegimin për të mësuar më shumë.
Grammar explanation
Shpjegimi gramatikor
Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.
Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we are talking about.
Fjalitë e varura lidhore na japin të dhëna rreth personit apo gjësë së përmendur.
Fjalitë lidhore përcaktuese na japin të dhëna të rëndësishme – të dhëna që na tregojnë se për kë apo çfarë po flasim.
The woman who lives next door works in a bank.
These are the flights that have been cancelled.
We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that, when, where or whose.
Ne zakonisht përdorim një përemër lidhor apo ndajfolje për të filluar një fjali lidhore përcaktuese: who, which, that, when, where dhe whose.
who/that
i cili / q^
We can use who or that to talk about people. that is more common and a bit more informal.
Ne mund të përdorim i cili apo që për të folur rreth sendeve. Që është më e zakontë dhe pak më informale.
She's the woman who cuts my hair.
He's the man that I met at the conference.
which/that
i cili / që
We can use which or that to talk about things. That is more common and a bit more informal.
Ne mund të përdorim i cili apo që për të folur rreth sendeve. Që është më e zakontë dhe pak më informale.
There was a one-year guarantee which came with the TV.
The laptop that I bought last week has started making a strange noise!
Other pronouns
Përemrat e tjerë
when can refer to a time.
kur mund t’i referohet një kohe.
Summer is the season when I'm happiest.
where can refer to a place.
ku mund t’i referohet një vendi.
That's the stadium where Real Madrid play.
whose refers to the person that something belongs to.
i/e të cilit i referohet personit që i përket diçka.
He's a musician whose albums have sold millions.
Omitting the relative pronoun
Heqja e përemrit lidhor
Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun. For example, we can usually leave out who, which or that if it is followed by a subject.
Ndonjëherë ne mund ta largojmë përemrin lidhor. Për shembull, zakonisht mund të heqim who, which apo that kur ndiqet nga një kryefjalë.
The assistant [that] we met was really kind.
(we = subject, can omit that)
(ne = kryefjalë, mund të heqim that)
We can't usually leave it out if it is followed by a verb.
Ne zakonisht nuk mund ta heqim atë nëse ndiqet nga një folje.
The assistant that helped us was really kind.
(helped = verb, can't omit that)
(ndihmoi = folje, nuk mund të heqim that)
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
Bëni këtë ushtrim për të testuar sërish njohuritë tuaja gramatikore.
Choose all the correct options.
Zgjidhni të gjitha opsionet e sakta.
The film ___ we saw last week was awful.
that
which
who
–
That's the hospital ___ I was born.
when
where
who
whose
The doctor ___ I usually see doesn't work there any more.
that
who
whose
–
The week ___ they were in Edinburgh was lovely and sunny.
when
where
who
whose
That's the woman ___ bought my old car.
that
which
who
–
He called a plumber ___ he found online.
that
who
whose
–
They ate at a restaurant ___ serves only vegan dishes.
that
where
which
–
The passengers ___ flights were cancelled got a refund.
that
where
who
whose
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