Relative clauses – non-defining relative clauses

 Relative clauses – non-defining relative clauses 

 

Fjalitë lidhore me pjesë të nënrenditur jo-përcaktore 

 

   Do you know how to give extra information about someone or something using relative clauses? Look at these examples to see how non-defining relative clauses are used. 

   A dini si të jepni më shumë të dhëna rreth dikujt apo diçkaje duke përdorur fjalitë lidhore? Shihni këta shembuj për të parë se si përdoren fjalitë lidhore me pjesë të nënrenditur jo-përcaktore. 

• Jack, who’s retired now, spends a lot of time with his grandchildren. 

• We want to see the new Tom Carter film, which was released on Friday. 

• My sister, whose dog I’m looking after, is visiting a friend in Australia. 

 

 

Try this exercise to test your grammar. 

Provoni këtë ushtrim për të testuar njohuritë tuaja gramatikore. 

 

 

   Complete the sentences with ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘whose’, ‘when’ or ‘where’. 

   Plotësoni fjalitë me ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘whose’, ‘when’ ose ‘where’. 

 

1. The new school, ________ has a pool, opened last week. 

2. My cousin, _________ you met last year, just got married. 

3. We visited the museum, _________ we all bought something. 

4. She offered me a coffee, _________ was just what I needed! 

5. Yesterday, __________ was a holiday, we visited my sister-in-law. 

6. He works with his parents, __________ company makes furniture. 

7. The party’s at the weekend, ___________ more people can come. 

8. The hospital, ________ local people depend on, is being closed down. 

 

 

Read the explanation to learn more. 

Lexoni shpjegimin për të mësuar më shumë. 

 

 

 

Grammar explanation 

Shpjegimi gramatikor 

   Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. 

Non-defining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. It isn’t essential for understanding who or what we are talking about. 

   Fjalitë lidhore na japin të dhëna rreth personit apo gjësë së përmendur. 

Fjalitë lidhore me pjesë të nënrenditur jo-përcaktore na japin më shumë të dhëna rreth dikujt apo diçkaje. Nuk është e rëndësishme për të kuptuar se për kë ose për çfarë po flasim. 

• My grandfather, who’s 87, goes swimming every day. 

• The house, which was built in 1883, has just been opened to the public. 

• The award was given to Sara, whose short story impressed the judges.  

 

   We always use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a non-defining relative clause: who, which, whose, when or where (but not that). We also use commas to separate the clause from the rest of the sentence. 

   Ne gjithmonë përdorim një përemër lidhor apo ndajfolje për të filluar fjalinë lidhore jo-përcaktore: i/e cili/a, i/e të cilit/ës, kur apo ku (por jo që). Ne gjithashtu përdorim presjet për të ndarë klauzolat nga pjesët e tjera të fjalisë.  

 

 

 

who, which and whose 

i/e cili/cila dhe i/e të cilit/cilës 

   We can use who to talk about people, which to talk about things and whose to refer to the person or thing that something belongs to. 

   Ne mund të përdorim who për të folur rreth njerëzve, which për të folur rreth sendeve dhe whose për t’iu referuar personit apo gjësë që i përket diçka. 

• Yesterday I met my new boss, who was very nice. 

• The house, which is very big, is also very cold! 

• My next-door neighbour, whose children go to school with ours, has just bought a new car. 

• After the port there is a row of fishermen’s houses, whose lights can be seen from across the bay. 

 

 

Places and times 

Vende dhe kohë 

   We can use which with a preposition to talk about places and times. In these cases it’s more common to use where or when instead of which and the preposition. 

   Ne mund të përdorim which me një parafjalë për të folur rreth vendeve dhe kohëve. Në këto raste është më e zakontë të përdorim ku apo kur në vend të which dhe parafjalës. 

• City Park, which we used to go to, has been closed down. 

City Park, where we used to go, has been closed down. 

• December, which Christmas is celebrated in, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere. 

December, when Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere. 

 

   However, when we use which without a preposition, we can’t use where or when. 

   Megjithatë, kur përdorim which pa një parafjalë, ne nuk mund të përdorim ku apo kur. 

• Centre Park, which we love, is always really busy on Saturdays. 

• February, which is my favourite month, lasts 29 days this year. 

 

 

 

 

Do this exercise to test your grammar again. 

Bëni këtë ushtrim për të testuar sërish njohuritë tuaja gramatikore. 

 

 

   Complete the sentences with ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘whose’, ‘when’ or ‘where’. 

   Plotësoni fjalitë me ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘whose’, ‘when’ ose ‘where’. 

 

1. Last week he got a phone call from his father, ________ he hadn’t spoken to in years. 

2. When I left they threw me a party, _________ was a complete surprise. 

3. My birthday, _________ was my 40th, turned out to be a wonderful day! 

4. The Javan tiger, __________ habitat was largely destroyed by humans, is now extinct. 

5. The hostel, _________ we’ve stayed at several times, is simple but clean. 

6. I sometimes go and study in my local park, _____I can get some fresh air. 

7. Winter, ________ temperatures are lower, sees higher rainfall. 

8. They went to a concert at the new arena, ________ was built last year.