Mesimi # 10

Mesimin jua dedikoj te gjithe atyre studenteve te rinj te cilet deshirojne te mesojne se si mund te pershkruajne objekte te ndryshme ne qytetin e tyre apo ne ambjente te tjera.

fm

There is    :  Ndodhet; gjendet; eshte.

There are : Ndodhen; gjenden ; jane.

Duke e nisur mesimin tone nga fjalet e  gjuhes shqipe, menjehere bie ne sy fakti se tema jone lidhet ngushte  me pershkrimin.  Te pershkruash, qytetin apo shtepine tende a dicka tjeter sidomos kur fjalite qe te vijne me mendje jane: " Ka nje liqen ne qytetin tone."  "Ka nje stacion autobuzi afer shtepise sime."; atehere perpjeka e pare per te ndertuar fjaine ne gjuhen angleze do te jete perdorimi i foljes have ose has. Por mendoj se po e filluam fjaline me foljen kam, atehere ndoshta nuk jemi shprehur si duhet. 
"Have a lake in our town." " Have a library near my house." jane dy modele se si nuk duhet te jete fjalia ne gjuhen angleze.

Do te jete mire te shohim bashke nje tip fjalie te gjuhes angleze e cila ndertohet ne kete menyre:

a) nese deshiron te japesh idene e egzistences se dickaje ne nje vend te caktuar do te ishte mire te ndertoje fjaline duke e filluar keshtu:

                         There is + noun ( singular ) + adverbial

sa here qe objekti qe deshiron te pershkruash eshte ne numurin njejes.

                         There is a flower on the kitchen table.
                         There's some sugar on the kitchen table.

                       
b) Nese deshiron te kerkosh egzistencen e nje objekti, po te numurit njejes, ne nje vend te caktuar atehere fjalia duhet te duket si me poshte:

                         Is there + noun ( singular ) + adverbial

                         Is there a flower on the kitchen table?
                         Is there any sugar on the kitchen table?

                       
c) Ne qofte se fjalia mohon egzistencen e nje objekti te caktuar, atehere ajo duhet te duket si me poshte:

                         There is not + noun ( singular ) + adverbial

                         There is not a flower on the kitchen table.
                         There's not any sugar on the kitchen table.

d) Nese objektet te cilat deshirojme ti veme ne dukje i perkasin numurit shumes atehere modeli i fjalise duhet te jete:

                        There are + noun ( plural ) + adverbial

                         There are some flowers on the kitchen table.
                          There are some books on the desk.

e) Nese deshirojme te veme ne dukje egzistencen e  objekteve ne shumes duke pyetur per to atehere fjalia duhet te duket si:

                        Are there + noun ( plural ) + adverbial

                         Are there any tourists in your town?
                         Are there any flowers on the kitchen table?

f) Nese ne pershkrimin tone duam te mohojme ekzistencen e disa objekteve te caktuara atehere fjalia duhet te jete si me poshte:

                        There are not + noun ( plural ) + adverbial

                         There are not any flowers on the kitchen table.
                         There are not any books on the desk.

Mbas shprehjeve te mesiperme ne mund te perdorim lehtesisht sasiore te tille si: some,  a few, many, a lot of, gjithmone ne numurin shumes, kur nuk jepen numura.

psh:       There are some flowers on the table.
              There are a few flowers on the table.
              There are many books on the table.
              There are a lot of books on the table.

Ne fjalite pyetese ose mohore duhet te perdorim any.

             There aren't any flowers on the table.
             There isn't any milk in the fridge.

Pershendetje te gjitheve,

Duke menduar se e kini pare me kujdes mesimin e fundit te dates 3 mars 2014, jeni te lutur te punoni me ushtrimet e meposhteme. Shikoni me kujdes kerkesat dhe plotesoni. Pergjigjet i diskutojme se bashku ne oret qe vijojne.

fm

========================================================

1 Parts of the sentence (A)

Mike and Harriet are on holiday. They have written a postcard to David and Melanie.  Look at each underlined phrase and say what part of the sentence it is : subject, verb, object, complement or adverbial.

We’re having a great time.   Object 

                                                 
1 The weather is marvelous.                                                        4 We’re on a farm.
2 We really enjoy camping.                                                          5 We like this place.
3 It’s great fun.                                                                             6  The scenery is beautiful.

2 Sentence structure (A)

After moving the piano, the five friends had a rest and a cup of tea.
Look at this part of their conversation and then write the letters a – e in the correct place.

a) David:     That was a difficult job.
b) Tom:        I agree
c) Mike:        I’m on my deathbed
d) David:      Someone should give us a medal.
e) Harriet:    I’ve made some more tea.

    Subject + verb
1 Subject + verb + object
2 Subject + verb + complement
3 Subject + verb + adverbial
4 Subject + verb + object + object

Word order (A)

Put the words in the correct order and write the statements.

    Is / Melanie / very nice                                  Melanie is very nice

1  football/ likes/ Tom
2  an accident/ David/ had
3  moved/ the piano/ we
4  a tall woman/ Harriet/ is
5  sat/ on the floor/ everyone
6  gave/ some help/ Mike’s friends/ him

4 Adverbials (B)

These sentences are from a news report. Write down the two adverbials in each sentence.
Each adverbial is a prepositional phrase or an adverb.

Prince Charles opened a new sports center in Stoke yesterday.         In Stoke  ;  yesterday

1  He also spoke with several young people.
2  The sports center was first planned in 1994.
3 Naturally, the local council could not finance the project
    without help.
4  Fortunately, they managed to obtain money from the
    National Lottery.

Hi everyone,

Problemet qe has nje student i cili meson gjuhen angleze mund te jene te natyrave te ndryshme. Shpesh here ato lidhen me menyren se si mund te ndertojme nje fjali te sakte. 

Ju lutem ndiqni me kujdes mesimin e meposhtem edhe nese do te  kini ndonje pyetje le ta diskutojme gjate ores sone te arthshme. 

fm

Mesimi # 9

A. Sentence structure

      Struktura e fjalise.

The parts of a sentence are the subject, verb, object, complement, and adverbial. A statement begins with the subject and the verb. There are five main structures which we can use to make a simple statement.

Pjeset perberese te fjalise jane: kryefjala, folja, kundrinori, complement ( plotesori ) dhe ndajfolja apo rrethanori. Nje fjali deftore pergjithsisht fillon me  nje kryefjale dhe nje folje. Ne gjuhen angleze ka pese struktura te cilat ne mund ti perdorim per te bere nje deklarate te thjeshte.

1  Subject             Verb   
   Kryefjale    +      Folje

    

My arms           are aching
    Something        happened

2. Subject               Verb                  Object   
   Kryefjale      +     Folje        +        Kundrinor

    I                           need                 a rest
    Five people       are moving      the piano

The subject and the object can be a noun, a pronoun 

(e.g. I) or a noun phrase (eg  the piano)

Kryefjala dhe kundrinori mund te jene te shprehur me:

a) emer

b) peremer

c) grup emeror)

3. Subject                Verb                  Complement
    Kryefjale      +      Folje          +      Komplement ( mbiemer ose emer )

   This piano            is                        heavy

   It                            was                    a big problem

The complement can be an adjective (e.g. heavy) or a noun phrase (e.g. a big problem). The complement often comes after be. It can also come after appear, become, get, feel, look, seem, stay or sound.

Per ta patur te qarte se cfare eshte termi "complement", do te ishte me mire te kuptonim se ai vjen menjehere mbas nje forme te foljes 'be'; dmth mund te vije mbas foljes, am is, are, was, were, been, be, being. Ai mund te jete:

a) mbiemer

b) emer

c) grup emeror.

Gjithashtu ai mund te vije edhe mbas foljesh te tilla si: appear, become,get,feel,look,seem, stay, ose sound. Keto folje quhen ndryshe = link verbs. Per keto folje ju mund te shikoni edhe nje mesim te cilin e kemi kaluar disa ore me pare ne keto faqe.

4.  Subject                 Verb                 Adverbial    
     Kryefjale        +     Folje        +      Ndajfolje ose rrethanor

    It                             is                      on my foot.
    Their house          is                       nearby.

An adverbial can be a prepositional phrase (e.g. on my foot) or an adverb (e.g. nearby).

Me fjalen 'adveribial' mund te kuptoni edhe nje shprehje ndajfoljore me parafjale ose nje ndajfolje.

5.  Subject                  Verb                Object                      Object
     Kryefjale      +        Folje        +      Kundrinor        +        Kundrinor 

    It                             ‘s giving           me                            backache.
    David                      bought            Melanie                   a present.

We use two objects after verbs like give and  send.

Ne mund te perdorim dy kundrinore mbas foljesh te tilla si give dhe send.

B. Adverbials

     Ndajfoljoret

We can add adverbials to all the five main structures.

Ne mund t'ju shtojme ndajfoljore ( dmth ndajfolje ose rrethanore ) te pesta llojeve te fjalive te permendura si me siper.

My arms are aching terribly.                        I really need a rest.

Of course this piano is heavy .                    Fortunately their house is nearby .

To everyone’s surprise, David actually  bought Melanie a present yesterday .

Para disa ditesh nje student kerkoi te dije dicka ne lidhje me temen e meposhteme te cilen po e paraqesim per te gjithe ata te cilet do te tregojne nje lloj interesi.

Who’s vs Whose

Te dyja keto fjale, paveresisht se shqiptohen njesoj nuk jane njejta gje. Nese nuk e njihni ndyshimin qe ato kane atehere jeni te lutur te shikoni me kujdes dhe te kuptoni ndryshimet midis tyre.

Who knows the difference between who’s and whose? Here’s a lesson whose time has come.

Who’s

Who’s is a contraction of who is or, less commonly, who has.

Who's eshte forma e shkurtuar e peremrit pyetes who dhe foljes ndihmese is apo ne pak raste edhe te ketij peremri plus foljes ndihmese has.

Ndiqni shembujt e meposhtem.

Who’s watching TV?

Do you know who’s going to speak?

Who’s ready to go?

Who’s in the kitchen?

Who’s this?

Who’s already eaten?

Whose

Whose is the possessive of who or, somewhat controversially, which.

Ndersa permeri whose ( i e kujt ) eshte forma gjinore e permerit who ( kush ) apo ne nje fare menyre edhe e peremrit  which ( cilit, i cili ).

Whose book is this?

Do you know whose car this is?

I know a woman whose kids study there.

Whose side are you on?

An idea whose time has come.

The Bottom Line

The trouble here is due to the apostrophe, which on 99% of English words indicates possession, but on this one simply indicates a contraction. If you can replace the word with who is or who has,

 use who’s. If not, use whose.

 Ne rastin e komentuar si me siper problemi lind vetem per shkak te perdorimit te apostrofit, i cili pothuajse ne 99% te rasteve ne gjuhen angleze shpreh marredhenie pronesie kurse ne kete lloj rasti ai eshte vetem nje forme  e shkurtuar e caktuar. Ne rast se apostrofi edhe 's mund te zevendesohen lehtesisht me foljet respektive - is ose - has, atehere perdore kete forme. Ne rast te kundert perdor formen whose.

Who’s vs Whose

Te dyja keto fjale, paveresisht se shqiptohen njesoj nuk jane njejta gje. Nese nuk e njihni ndyshimin qe ato kane atehere jeni te lutur te shikoni me kujdes dhe te kuptoni ndryshimet midis tyre.

Who knows the difference between who’s and whose? Here’s a lesson whose time has come.

Who’s

Who’s is a contraction of who is or, less commonly, who has.

Who's eshte forma e shkurtuar e peremrit pyetes who dhe foljes ndihmese is apo ne pak raste edhe te ketij peremri plus foljes ndihmese has.

Ndiqni shembujt e meposhtem.

Who’s watching TV?

Do you know who’s going to speak?

Who’s ready to go?

Who’s in the kitchen?

Who’s this?

Who’s already eaten?

 
Whose

Whose is the possessive of who or, somewhat controversially, which.

Ndersa permeri whose ( i e kujt ) eshte forma gjinore e permerit who ( kush ) apo ne nje fare menyre edhe e peremrit  which ( cilit, i cili ).

Whose book is this?

Do you know whose car this is?

I know a woman whose kids study there.

Whose side are you on?

An idea whose time has come.

 
The Bottom Line

The trouble here is due to the apostrophe, which on 99% of English words indicates possession, but on this one simply indicates a contraction. If you can replace the word with who is or who has,

 use who’s. If not, use whose.

 Ne rastin e komentuar si me siper problemi lind vetem per shkak te perdorimit te apostrofit, i cili pothuajse ne 99% te rasteve ne gjuhen angleze shpreh marredhenie pronesie kurse ne kete lloj rasti ai eshte vetem nje forme  e shkurtuar e caktuar. Ne rast se apostrofi edhe 's mund te zevendesohen lehtesisht me foljet respektive - is ose - has, atehere perdore kete forme. Ne rast te kundert perdor formen whose.

Pershendetje kudo qofshi,

Ne vijim te disa mesimeve paraprake, sot do te deshiroja te mesonim se bashku disa elemente gjuhesore si me poshte. Lexoni me kujdes permbajtjen e ketij mesimi. Behet fjale per kater peremra. Quhen peremra deftore ne gjuhen tone edhe ne gjuhen angleze jane si me poshte:

Demonstratives: This/ That / These / Those

Peremrat deftore: ky/kjo - ai ajo - keta keto- ata ato.



1. This and these point to something near.  

Peremrat this and these, sherbejne per te treguar sende apo objekte te cilat ndodhen prane nesh. This - sherben per te emertuar sende te numurit njejes te gjendura ne nje distance shume te afert gati tek dora; dhe these me te njejtin kuptim por ne rolin e numurit shumes.

2. That and those point to something far.

That  dhe Those sherbejne per te treguar sende apo objekte te cilat nuk ndodhen prane nesh, por jane ne nje distance te caktuar. That tregon objekete te numurin njejes te ndodhura ne nje distance dhe those objekte te numurit shumes por te ndodhura ne largesi.

Affirmative statements:

This is a dog.                     These are dogs.
This is a cat.                        These are cats.
That is a book.                       Those are books.
That is a star.                           Those are stars.

Negative statements:

This is not a mountain.        These are not mountains.
This is not a door.                These are not doors.
That is not a rabbit.                Those are not rabbits.
That is not a window                Those are not windows.


Question forms:

Is this a car?                        Are these cars?
Is this a house?                       Are these houses?
Is that a farm?                            Are those farms ?
Is that a hospital?                          Are those hospitals ?


In short answers and tag questions, we use it, and they instead of this,that,these, and those.

Is this a good book?            Yes, it is.
Is that a good car?                  No, it isn't.
Are these good books?              Yes, they are.
Are those good cars?                    No, they aren't.

Me poshte po ju paraqes dy ushtrime ne te cilet kerkesa eshte:

Change these sentences from singular into plural. Do not use a or an in plural sentences.

1. This is a nice book.
2. This is an apple.
3. That is an old house.
4. That is a red pencil case.
5. This is a nice lake.
6. That is a big car.
7. This is an empty bottle.
8. This is a university teacher.
9. That is  a tree.
10. This is Columbia University.


II. Change the following sentences from plural into singular. Don't forget to use a or an in singular if necessary.

1. These are cats.
2. These are trousers.
3.  These are apples.
4. Those are oranges.
5.  These are new houses.
6. Those are elephants.
7. Those are students.
8. These are starts.
9. These are old stories.
10. Those are restaurants.

I wish you a nice day tomorrow.

fm

Hello there,

Hope you all had a nice day today.

Kur duam te shprehim nje mendim te caktuar ne nje gjuhe gjithmone perpiqemi te gjejme fjalen  e duhur
permes se ciles te percjellim ate kuptim te cilin e kemi formuluar ne vetedijen tone.
Ne perpjekjen tone  per tu nisur nga gjetja e fjaleve nje per  nje ne  te dyja gjuhet, shpesh mund te gabojme edhe mund te mos percjellim dot ate kuptim i cili do te ishte i deshiruar.

Fjale dhe shprehje te caktuara kane edhe histori te caktuara te lindjes se tyre. Nese ne raste te caktuara do te gjeni mundesi te lexoni historite e fjaleve a shprehjeve te caktuara se si kane lindur edhe jane vendosur ne gjuhen angleze mos hezitoni ti lexoni. Ato jane interesante.
Per me teper mesimi i tyre si shprehje te caktuara gjithmone do t'ju ndihmonte te percillnit nje kuptim te munguar.
Le te shohim se bashku me poshte fjalen heart edhe disa fjale e shprehje te cilat lidhen me te.

Heart 

People believed for a long time that heart was the center of a person's emotions.This is the reason why this word is used in so many expressions about emotional situations.

One such expression is to ' lose your heart ' to someone. When that happens, you have fallen in love. But if the person who " won your heart " does not love you any more, then you are sure "to have a broken heart". In your pain and sadness, you may say that person is "hard-hearted," and in fact, has a "heart of stone."

You may decide to "pour out your heart" to a friend. Telling someone about your personal problems can often make you feel better.

If your friend does not seem to understand how painful your broken heart is, you may ask him "to have a heart." You are asking him to show some sympathy, to understand how important all this is to you.

Your friend "has his heart in the right place" if he says he is sorry, and shows great concern for your situation.
He may, however, warn you " not to wear your heart on your sleeve." In other words, do not let everyone see how lovesick you are. When your heart is on your sleeve, you are showing your deepest emotions.

If your friends says " my  heart bleeds for you," then he is cold - hearted person who does not care for his friends. What he is really saying is that his heart does not bleed for you. He is uncaring.

Someone who is not very brave is " chicken-hearted."

When you are frightened or concerned then your "heart is in your mouth." You might say that your heart is in your mouth when you go to a  relative and ask to borrow some money.
If they say 'no' to you do not "lose heart." Be "strong-hearted." Go to another relative. Sit down with him or her and have " a heart to heart" talk. Be open and sincere. Explain your situation.

As a result of this meeting, your relative may have a 'change of heart." He or she may agree to lend you some money. This would "put your heart at rest." You would stop worrying.


Me shpresen se kjo mbremje ju solli nje ndjesi te mire, ju uroj nje fund jave te kendeshme pa siklete te motit.

Take all these words and expressions to your heart.

fm