According to

 3. according to

‘Acording to Harry’ do të thotë: ‘Nëse ajo cfarë thotë Harry është e vërtetë’ , ‘sipas Harrit’ . Kini parasysh që after nuk përdoret me këtë kuptim.

- According to Harry, it’s a good film. (JO: After Harry, …)

Mendimet dhe opinionet zakonisht nuk jepen me ‘according to’. Krahaso:

- According to Joan, the people accros the road are moving.

(Nëse ajo cfarë thotë Xhoan është e vërtetë, …)

- According to the timetable, the train gets in at 8.27.

- In my opinion, she’s sick. (JO: According to me, …)

Adjective order

 Adjective order

Rendi i mbiemrave

Two adjectives

Dy mbiemra

We often have two adjectives in front of a noun:

Ne shpesh kemi dy mbiemra përpara një emri:

· a handsome young man

· a big black car

· that horrible big dog

Some adjectives give a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun:

Disa mbiemra japin një mendim të përgjithshëm. Ne mund t’i përdorim këta mbiemra për të përshkruar pothuajse çfarëdo emri:

good bad lovely strange nice beautiful brilliant excellent awful important wonderful nasty

· He's a good/wonderful/brilliant/bad/dreadful teacher.

· That's a good/wonderful/brilliant/bad/dreadful book.

Some adjectives give a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particular kinds of noun, for example:

Disa mbiemra japin një mendim të caktuar. Ne i përdorim këta mbiemra vetëm për të përshkruar lloje të veçanta emrash, për shembull:

Food Furniture, buildings People, animals

delicious

tasty comfortable uncomfortable clever intelligent friendly

We usually put a general opinion in front of a specific opinion:

Ne zakonisht vendoim një mendim të përgjithshëm përoara një mendimi të caktuar:

· nice tasty soup

· a nasty uncomfortable armchair

· a lovely intelligent animal

We usually put an opinion adjective in front of a descriptive adjective:

Ne zakonisht vendosim një mbiemër që shpreh mendim përpara një mbiemri përshkrues:

· a nice red dress

· a silly old man

· those horrible yellow curtains

Put the adjectives into the correct group.

Vendosni mbiemrat në grupin e saktë.

tasty small delicious comfortable uncomfortable nasty good awful

big

horrible intelligent French friendly lovely nice old

silly

clever beautiful young Japanese red green bad

General opinion Specific opinion Descriptive

Put the words in the correct order.

Vendosni fjalët në rendin e duhur.

food delicious Chinese

green trousers horrible

comfortable bed a new

a young woman silly

big nice a dinner

clever little boy a

a sky blue beautiful

man old a nasty

Three or more adjectives

Tre apo më shumë mbiemra

Sometimes we have three adjectives in front of a noun, but this is unusual:

Ndonjëherë ne kemi tre mbiemra përpara një emri, pork jo është e pazakontë:

· a nice handsome young man

· a big black American car

· that horrible big fierce dog

It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.

Është shumë e pazakontë të kemi më shumë se tre mbiemra.

Adjectives usually come in this order:

Mbiemrat zakonisht vijnë në këtë rend:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

General

opinion

Mendim i

përgjithshëm Specific opinion Mendim specifik Size Madhësi Shape Formë Age Moshë Colour Ngjyrë Nationality Kombësi Material Lëndë

Adjectives after link verbs

 Adjectives after link verbs

Mbiemrat pas foljeve lidhëse

We use some adjectives only after a link verb:

Ne përdorim disa mbiemra vetëm pas një foljeje lidhëse:

afraid alive alone asleep content glad ill ready sorry sure unable well

Some of the commonest -ed adjectives are normally used only after a link verb:

Disa nga mbiemrat me -ed më të zakonshëm, normalisht përdoren vetëm pas një foljeje lidhëse:

annoyed bored finished pleased thrilled

We say:

Ne themi:

· Our teacher was ill.

· My uncle was very glad when he heard the news.

· The policeman seemed to be very annoyed.

but we do not say:

por ne nuk themi:

· We had an ill teacher.

· When he heard the news he was a very glad uncle.

· He seemed to be a very annoyed policeman.

Choose the sentence which is NOT correct.

Zgjidhni fjalinë e cila NUK është e saktë.

afraid and frightened

o Please, don’t be afraid.

o Please, don’t be frightened.

o Tom looked like an afraid rabbit.

o Tom looked like a frightened rabbit.

alive and living

o Is your great-grandmother still alive?

o Is your great-grandmother still living?

o The tsunami destroyed every living thing.

o The tsunami destroyed every alive thing.

asleep and sleeping

o The thief walked quietly past the asleep dogs.

o The thief walked quietly past the sleeping dogs.

o Shh! The children are asleep.

o Shh! The children are sleeping.

well and healthy

o George isn’t looking very well these days, is he?

o George isn’t looking very healthy these days, is he?

o Bright eyes are a sign of a healthy dog.

o Bright eyes are a sign of a well dog.

ill and sick

o I don’t like hospitals. They’re full of ill people.

o I don’t like hospitals. They’re full of sick people.

o Dave’s not coming to work today. He’s ill.

o Dave’s not coming to work today. He’s sick.

Try to make the best use of the following knowledge in English

 1. above dhe over

1. ‘më lartë se …’’ , ‘mbi…’ , above ose over

Si above ashtu edhe over mund të përdoren me kuptimin ‘më lart se…’ , ‘mbi…’.

- The water came up above/over our knees.

- Can you see the helicopter above/over the palace?

2. above – ‘jo drejtpërsëdrejti mbi…’

Above është më e përdorshme kur duam të flasim për dicka që ndodhet ‘jo drejtpërsëdrejti mbi… (dicka tjetër)’.

- We ’got a little house above the lake.

3. over : ‘duke mbuluar’

Over përdoret për të treguar që një gjë mbulon dhe/ose prek një tjetër.

- There is cloud over the South of Albania.

- He put on a coat over his pyjamas.

Over / across përdoren për të treguar që një gjë përshkon një tjetër (shiko9).

- The plane was flying over / across Denmark.

- Electricity cables stretch over / across the fields.

4. above : për madhësi

Above përdoret në matjet e temperaturës dhe të lartësisë si dhe në raste të tjera kur mendojmë që ekziston një parametër vertikal.

- The temperature is three degrees above zero.

- The summit of Everest is about 8000 metres above sea level.

- She’s well above average in intelligence.

5. over : për moshë , shpejtësi , ‘më shumë se’

Kur duam të flasim për moshën dhe shpejtësinë, si dhe kur duam të themi ‘më tepër se…’ , përdorim zakonisht over dhe JO above.

- You have to be over 18 to see this film.

- The police said she was driving at over 120 kmph.

- There were over 100,000 people at the festival.

6. see above / over

E shkruar në një libër ose në një tekst, ‘see above’ ka kuptimin ‘shiko dicka të shkruar më parë/më lart’ ; ‘see over’ do të thotë ‘shiko në faqen tjetër’.

Ndryshimet ndërmjet below dhe under janë të ngjashme. 

The Library Key

 

The Library Key

Preface

A key is usually a small piece of metal, but it can open something valuable. Some keys open doors, others open boxes, and a few open our minds. Education is often described as a key because it gives people the opportunity to discover new ideas, solve problems, and understand the world more clearly. As you read the following story, think about this question:

What is the greatest key you have ever received?

---

Main Text

The Library Key

When the old village library was renovated, every student received a small brass key. It was not a key to the front door, because the library was open to everyone. Instead, it opened a small wooden locker where each student could keep books, notebooks, and personal reading projects.

Most students were excited. They decorated their lockers with drawings, favorite quotations, and photographs. One boy, however, was different.

His name was Leon.

Although he enjoyed football and cycling, he believed that reading was boring. For several weeks, his locker remained almost empty except for a pencil and a notebook.

One rainy afternoon, Leon could not play outside. With nothing else to do, he opened one of the books that had been left on a nearby table. It told the story of a young explorer who crossed deserts, climbed mountains, and learned from people in distant countries.

Leon forgot about the rain.

The next day, he borrowed another book. Then another. Soon his locker was full.

His teachers noticed that he was asking better questions in class. His vocabulary became richer, and his writing became more interesting. Even his friends enjoyed listening to the stories he shared.

At the end of the school year, the librarian asked each student one simple question:

"What has your library key opened?"

Some students answered, "A locker."

Others replied, "A place to keep books."

Leon smiled before saying,

"It opened my curiosity."

The librarian nodded.

"The best keys," she said, "do not open doors. They open minds."

---

Comprehension Questions

A. Answer the Questions

1. Why did every student receive a key?

2. What was Leon's opinion about reading at first?

3. Why did he begin reading one afternoon?

4. What kind of story did he read first?

5. How did Leon change during the school year?

6. What changes did his teachers notice?

7. What question did the librarian ask?

8. What was Leon's answer?

9. What did the librarian mean by "The best keys do not open doors"?

10. What is the main lesson of the story?

---

B. True or False

1. The key opened the main entrance to the library.

2. Leon loved reading from the beginning.

3. Rainy weather led Leon to open a book.

4. Reading improved Leon's vocabulary.

5. The story suggests that books can change people.

---

Vocabulary Practice

Match the words with their meanings.

1. renovated

2. curiosity

3. quotation

4. explorer

5. borrow

a. to take something for a time and return it later

b. completely repaired or improved

c. a person who travels to discover new places

d. a desire to learn or know more

e. a sentence spoken or written by another person

---

Grammar Practice

A. Present Perfect or Simple Past

Choose the correct form.

1. Leon ______ many books since that rainy afternoon.
   (has read / read)

2. He ______ his first book because it was raining.
   (opened / has opened)

3. His teachers ______ a great improvement in his writing.
   (noticed / have noticed)

4. The librarian ______ the students an important question yesterday.
   (asked / has asked)

5. Leon ______ much more curious over the past year.
   (became / has become)

---

B. Modal Verbs

Complete the sentences using can, could, should, must, or may.

1. Books ______ help us understand different cultures.

2. Students ______ return borrowed books on time.

3. Leon ______ not see the value of reading at first.

4. You ______ discover something wonderful if you keep reading.

5. Everyone ______ learn something new every day.

---

Discussion

Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. What book has influenced you the most?

2. Why do some young people dislike reading?

3. How can a library help a community?

4. If you could write a book, what would it be about?

5. What does curiosity mean to you?

---

Writing Task

A Book That Changed My Thinking

Write 150–180 words.

Include:

• The title or type of book.

• Why you chose it.

• What you learned from it.

• Whether you would recommend it to others.

• How it influenced your way of thinking.

Try to use:

• at least three modal verbs;

• two Present Perfect sentences;

• three linking words (however, therefore, because, finally, although).

The Clockmaker's Secret

 

The Clockmaker's Secret

Preface

Time is one of the few things that every person receives equally. Rich or poor, young or old, each of us has twenty-four hours every day. Some people seem to accomplish a great deal, while others wonder where their time has gone. The difference is often not the amount of time they have, but how wisely they use it. The following story reminds us that every minute has value.

---

Main Text

The Clockmaker's Secret

In a quiet village there lived an old clockmaker named Stefan. His small shop was filled with clocks of every shape and size. Some were large enough to stand on the floor, while others were small enough to fit into a pocket. Every clock kept perfect time.

People often asked Stefan why his clocks were so reliable.

"My secret is simple," he would answer with a smile. "I take care of small problems before they become big ones."

One afternoon, a young apprentice came to work with him.

"I want to learn how to repair clocks," the boy said.

Stefan nodded and handed him a beautiful old clock.

The apprentice looked at the tiny gears inside and sighed.

"There are too many parts," he complained.

Stefan replied, "Never try to repair the whole clock at once. Understand one piece, then the next. Small improvements lead to great results."

For several months, the apprentice followed his teacher's advice. He cleaned one wheel, adjusted one spring, and polished one tiny screw at a time. Gradually, he understood how every small part worked together.

Years later, the apprentice opened a workshop of his own. Above the entrance he placed a simple sign:

Great work begins with careful attention to small things.

Whenever customers admired his work, he remembered Stefan's lesson. He realized that the secret had never been about clocks. It had always been about life.

---

Comprehension Questions

A. Answer the Questions

1. What was Stefan's profession?

2. Why did people admire his clocks?

3. What secret did Stefan share?

4. Who came to learn from him?

5. Why did the apprentice become discouraged?

6. What advice did Stefan give him?

7. How long did the apprentice study with Stefan?

8. What sign did he place above his workshop?

9. What did he finally understand?

10. What is the main message of the story?

---

B. True or False

1. Stefan lived in a large city.

2. His shop contained many different clocks.

3. The apprentice repaired the clock immediately.

4. Stefan believed that small improvements were important.

5. The story is really about life as much as about clocks.

---

Vocabulary Practice

Match the words with their meanings.

1. apprentice

2. reliable

3. gradually

4. adjust

5. workshop

a. a place where things are made or repaired

b. slowly over time

c. someone learning a trade from an experienced person

d. dependable

e. to make something work better by changing it slightly

---

Grammar Practice

A. Present Perfect or Simple Past

Choose the correct answer.

1. Stefan ______ clocks for many years.
   (repaired / has repaired)

2. The apprentice ______ to the shop one afternoon.
   (came / has come)

3. He ______ a great deal since he began learning.
   (learned / has learned)

4. Stefan ______ him excellent advice.
   (gave / has given)

5. They ______ together for several months.
   (worked / have worked)

---

B. Relative Clauses

Join the sentences using who, which, or that.

1. Stefan was an old clockmaker. He taught many people.

2. The apprentice repaired a clock. The clock was very old.

3. The shop contained clocks. The clocks kept perfect time.

4. The lesson changed his life. The lesson was unforgettable.

5. Customers admired the workshop. It became famous in the village.

---

Discussion

Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. Why are small details important?

2. Have you ever learned a skill step by step?

3. What difficult task became easier when you divided it into smaller parts?

4. Which quality is more important: talent or patience? Why?

---

Writing Task

Small Steps Toward Success

Write 150–180 words on the following topic:

"A Skill I Would Like to Master."

Include:

• What the skill is.

• Why you want to learn it.

• The small steps you will take.

• The difficulties you may face.

• How you will know you have succeeded.

Try to use:

• at least three linking words (however, therefore, although, finally, because);

• two relative clauses;

• one Present Perfect sentence.

The Clockmaker's Secret

 

The Clockmaker's Secret

Preface

Time is one of the few things that every person receives equally. Rich or poor, young or old, each of us has twenty-four hours every day. Some people seem to accomplish a great deal, while others wonder where their time has gone. The difference is often not the amount of time they have, but how wisely they use it. The following story reminds us that every minute has value.

---

Main Text

The Clockmaker's Secret

In a quiet village there lived an old clockmaker named Stefan. His small shop was filled with clocks of every shape and size. Some were large enough to stand on the floor, while others were small enough to fit into a pocket. Every clock kept perfect time.

People often asked Stefan why his clocks were so reliable.

"My secret is simple," he would answer with a smile. "I take care of small problems before they become big ones."

One afternoon, a young apprentice came to work with him.

"I want to learn how to repair clocks," the boy said.

Stefan nodded and handed him a beautiful old clock.

The apprentice looked at the tiny gears inside and sighed.

"There are too many parts," he complained.

Stefan replied, "Never try to repair the whole clock at once. Understand one piece, then the next. Small improvements lead to great results."

For several months, the apprentice followed his teacher's advice. He cleaned one wheel, adjusted one spring, and polished one tiny screw at a time. Gradually, he understood how every small part worked together.

Years later, the apprentice opened a workshop of his own. Above the entrance he placed a simple sign:

Great work begins with careful attention to small things.

Whenever customers admired his work, he remembered Stefan's lesson. He realized that the secret had never been about clocks. It had always been about life.

---

Comprehension Questions

A. Answer the Questions

1. What was Stefan's profession?

2. Why did people admire his clocks?

3. What secret did Stefan share?

4. Who came to learn from him?

5. Why did the apprentice become discouraged?

6. What advice did Stefan give him?

7. How long did the apprentice study with Stefan?

8. What sign did he place above his workshop?

9. What did he finally understand?

10. What is the main message of the story?

---

B. True or False

1. Stefan lived in a large city.

2. His shop contained many different clocks.

3. The apprentice repaired the clock immediately.

4. Stefan believed that small improvements were important.

5. The story is really about life as much as about clocks.

---

Vocabulary Practice

Match the words with their meanings.

1. apprentice

2. reliable

3. gradually

4. adjust

5. workshop

a. a place where things are made or repaired

b. slowly over time

c. someone learning a trade from an experienced person

d. dependable

e. to make something work better by changing it slightly

---

Grammar Practice

A. Present Perfect or Simple Past

Choose the correct answer.

1. Stefan ______ clocks for many years.
   (repaired / has repaired)

2. The apprentice ______ to the shop one afternoon.
   (came / has come)

3. He ______ a great deal since he began learning.
   (learned / has learned)

4. Stefan ______ him excellent advice.
   (gave / has given)

5. They ______ together for several months.
   (worked / have worked)

---

B. Relative Clauses

Join the sentences using who, which, or that.

1. Stefan was an old clockmaker. He taught many people.

2. The apprentice repaired a clock. The clock was very old.

3. The shop contained clocks. The clocks kept perfect time.

4. The lesson changed his life. The lesson was unforgettable.

5. Customers admired the workshop. It became famous in the village.

---

Discussion

Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. Why are small details important?

2. Have you ever learned a skill step by step?

3. What difficult task became easier when you divided it into smaller parts?

4. Which quality is more important: talent or patience? Why?

---

Writing Task

Small Steps Toward Success

Write 150–180 words on the following topic:

"A Skill I Would Like to Master."

Include:

• What the skill is.

• Why you want to learn it.

• The small steps you will take.

• The difficulties you may face.

• How you will know you have succeeded.

Try to use:

• at least three linking words (however, therefore, although, finally, because);

• two relative clauses;

• one Present Perfect sentence.