There are two tasks in the TOEFL Writing section. The first writing task is an integrated task: you will have to listen to a lecture and read a passage. You must then write a summary of both passages.
The second writing task is an independent essay. You have to write an essay of at least 300 words on a given topic. You will have to write on the topic you are given. No choice is available. TOEFL iBT is a computerized test. You have to type both essays on a computer. If you do not know typewriting well, you must practice on a keyboard before your test.
You can cut, copy and paste as you type your essays, but remember that the computer will not check your spelling or grammar. That means you have to do your homework. Learn the spellings of all words you tend to misspell.
General writing strategies
The TOEFL writing section has two tasks. It takes about 50 minutes. Here are a few tips for success on the Writing section.
Organize your thoughts first
Do not start writing as soon the section begins. Instead, use one or two minutes for organizing your ideas. This is very important, because few people are capable of organizing their thoughts in their mind as they write. As a result they will have to edit more.
By organizing your ideas in the beginning itself, you will get an outline for your essay. Once you have got the outline ready, you only need to develop the ideas into paragraphs. However, do not spend more than 2 or 3 minutes on an outline. Remember that you will not get any marks for the outline.
Use familiar vocabulary
Some students try to impress the examiner with complex vocabulary. You must not try this stunt if you are not familiar with these words. Of course, you have to use academic words in your essay. However, they needn’t necessarily be obscure.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
November 26 2023
Active vs. Passive
Fill in the blanks.
1. The latest edition of this book ............................ next month.
2. They .................................... out a new edition soon.
3. They ................................. me responsible for the problems.
4. She ............................ to leave.
5. They ................................ of this.
6. I ............................. them all.
7. He ................................. me to his wife.
8. I ..................................... to his wife.
9. He ............................. for poor performance.
10. My application ............................... down.
11. I ............................. to find your letter in my inbox.
12. He ................................. for this.
Answers
1. The latest edition of this book will be published next month.
2. They will bring out a new edition soon.
3. They held me responsible for the problems.
4. She was told to leave.
5. They have been informed of this.
6. I have invited them all.
7. He introduced me to his wife.
8. I was introduced to his wife.
9. He was sacked for poor performance.
10. My application was turned down.
11. I was delighted to find your letter in my inbox.
12. He will be punished for this.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
June 15 2023
To determine if you are obese, you can calculate your body mass index (BMI). BMI is a commonly used method to assess whether a person has a healthy body weight based on their height and weight. Here's how you can calculate your BMI:
Measure your weight in kilograms (kg).
Measure your height in meters (m).
Once you have these measurements, use the following formula to calculate your BMI:
BMI = weight (kg) / (height (m))^2
For example, if you weigh 80 kilograms and your height is 1.75 meters, the calculation would be:
BMI = 80 kg / (1.75 m)^2 = 26.1
After calculating your BMI, you can interpret the results using the following categories:
Underweight: BMI less than 18.5
Normal weight: BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
Overweight: BMI between 25 and 29.9
Obesity: BMI of 30 or higher
Keep in mind that while BMI is a useful tool for most individuals, it does have limitations. It doesn't account for factors such as muscle mass, bone density, and distribution of body fat. Therefore, it's essential to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive assessment of your health.
Paf04.20.2023
Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
In English, there are several ways to express future actions or events, including the simple future, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, and the use of modal verbs.
Here's a chart showing the differences and meanings of each tense:
Tense
Form
Example
Use
Simple future
Subject + "will" + base form of verb
I will walk to work tomorrow.
Future actions or predictions.
Future continuous
Subject + "will be" + present participle (-ing)
I will be walking to work at this time tomorrow.
Ongoing actions in the future.
Future perfect
Subject + "will have" + past participle
By this time next week, I will have walked to work ten times.
Completed actions in the future before another future action.
Future perfect continuous
Subject + "will have been" + present participle (-ing)
By the end of the year, I will have been walking to work for six months.
Ongoing actions in the future before another future action, with a focus on the duration of the action.
Modal verbs
Subject + modal verb + base form of verb
She might walk to work tomorrow.
Expresses probability, possibility, ability, or obligation.
And here are some exercises to practice using these future tenses:
Complete the sentences with the correct future tense:
a. I ____________ to work tomorrow. (simple future)
b. She ____________ to be walking to work at this time next week. (future continuous)
c. They ____________ finished packing by the time we arrive. (future perfect)
d. We ____________ walking to work for three hours by the time we get home. (future perfect continuous)
e. He ____________ the news by the end of the day. (simple future)
f. She ____________ take the day off if she's not feeling well. (modal verb)
Choose the correct future tense to complete the sentences:
a. We (will/will be) traveling to Europe next summer.
b. They (will have/will have been) living in this city for ten years next month.
c. She (might/will) come to the party if she finishes her work on time.
d. I (will/will have) finished my project by the end of the week.
e. He (will be/will have been) playing soccer for two hours by the time we arrive.
f. They (could/will) win the game if they play well.
I hope this helps!
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Paf04.18.2023
Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
In English, there are four past tenses: simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous.
Here's a chart showing the differences and meanings of each tense:
Ongoing actions in the past (interrupted by another action or event).
Past perfect
Subject + "had" + past participle
I had walked to work before it started to rain.
Completed actions before another past action.
Past perfect continuous
Subject + "had been" + present participle (-ing)
I had been walking to work for an hour before it started to rain.
Ongoing actions before another past action, with a focus on the duration of the action.
And here are some exercises to practice using these past tenses:
Complete the sentences with the correct past tense:
a. I ____________ to work yesterday. (simple past)
b. She ____________ when she saw the accident. (past continuous)
c. They ____________ already left by the time we arrived. (past perfect)
d. We ____________ for hours before we finally found the right street. (past perfect continuous)
e. He ____________ the news and immediately called his family. (simple past)
f. She ____________ studying for the exam all night. (past continuous)
Choose the correct past tense to complete the sentences:
a. I (saw/had seen) that movie three times already.
b. They (were/had been) waiting for the bus for half an hour.
c. She (went/had gone) to the store before she realized she forgot her wallet.
d. We (were/had been) watching TV when the power went out.
e. He (played/had played) soccer since he was a child.
f. They (had been/were) living in that house for ten years before they decided to sell it.
I hope this helps!
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Paf04.16.2023
Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
In English, there are four present tenses: simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous.
Here's a chart showing the differences and meanings of each tense:
Tense
Form
Example
Use
Simple present
Subject + base form of verb
I walk to work every day.
Repeated actions, general truths/facts, and permanent situations.
Actions that started in the past and continue until now (unfinished time period) or past actions with a present result, with a focus on the duration of the action.
And here are some exercises to practice using these present tenses:
Complete the sentences with the correct present tense:
a. I ____________ to music every day. (simple present)
b. She ____________ on her homework right now. (present continuous)
c. They ____________ their friends for ten years. (present perfect)
d. We ____________ for the same company since 2010. (present perfect)
e. He ____________ for a walk every morning. (simple present)
f. She ____________ English for three hours. (present perfect continuous)
Choose the correct present tense to complete the sentences:
a. I (am/was) watching TV when you called.
b. They (have/had) been studying for the exam for three hours.
c. She (plays/has played) the guitar since she was ten.
d. We (are/were) eating dinner when the phone rang.
e. He (is/was) always forgetting his keys.
f. They (have been/had been) living in this city for five years.
I hope this helps!
========= Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
13.03.2023
Androcles and the Lion is a fable of Aesop that tells the story of a slave who escapes his cruel master and becomes friends with a lion in the wilderness. Here is the story:
Androcles was a slave who had escaped from his cruel master. He ran into the wilderness and, while hiding in a cave, stumbled upon a lion with a huge thorn in its paw. Androcles approached the lion, and to his surprise, the lion did not attack him. Instead, the lion lay down and held out its paw for Androcles to remove the thorn.
Androcles carefully removed the thorn from the lion's paw, and the lion roared with relief. From that moment on, the lion became Androcles' companion, bringing him food and protecting him from other animals. But eventually, Androcles was captured and returned to his master, who condemned him to death in the arena, to be torn apart by wild animals.
On the day of the spectacle, Androcles was thrown into the arena with a fierce lion. But as the lion charged at him, it recognized Androcles and ran towards him, wagging its tail. The audience was amazed to see the lion licking Androcles' feet and nuzzling its head against his chest. Androcles explained to the amazed crowd how he had helped the lion when it was injured and how it had become his friend.
The emperor, who was in the audience, was so impressed by the story that he pardoned Androcles and set him free, along with his lion companion. Androcles and the lion lived happily ever after.
Here are some multiple-choice questions about the fable:
How did Androcles become friends with the lion?
A) He tamed the lion with his whip.
B) He stumbled upon the lion with a thorn in its paw and removed it.
C) He fought the lion and emerged victorious.
D) He fed the lion and gained its trust.
Answer:
Why was Androcles condemned to death in the arena?
A) He stole from his master.
B) He killed a fellow slave.
C) He helped a lion in the wilderness.
D) He tried to escape his master's house.
Answer:
What happened when Androcles was thrown into the arena with a fierce lion?
A) The lion attacked him and killed him.
B) The lion recognized him and ran towards him, wagging its tail.
C) Androcles tamed the lion with his whip.
D) The lion fled in fear when it saw Androcles.
Answer:
What did the emperor do when he heard Androcles' story?
A) He ordered Androcles to be killed.
B) He pardoned Androcles and set him free.
C) He gave Androcles a job in the palace.
D) He ordered Androcles to be enslaved again.
Answer:
What was the moral of the fable of Androcles and the lion?
A) It is possible to befriend even the fiercest of creatures.
B) People should not try to escape from their masters.
C) It is better to be cruel than to be kind.
D) Animals should be feared and avoided at all costs.
Answer:
========= Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
14.03.2023
Here's a chart explaining adverbs of frequency for B2 level learners:
Adverb of Frequency
Usage
Example
Always
To describe a repeated action that happens all the time.
She always eats breakfast before work.
Usually
To describe a repeated action that happens most of the time.
He usually takes the bus to work.
Often
To describe a repeated action that happens many times.
They often go out to eat on the weekends.
Sometimes
To describe a repeated action that happens occasionally.
I sometimes forget my keys at home.
Rarely
To describe a repeated action that happens infrequently.
She rarely goes to the gym after work.
Hardly ever
To describe a repeated action that almost never happens.
He hardly ever drinks coffee.
Never
To describe a repeated action that doesn't happen at all.
They never miss their morning jog.
Here are some exercises and examples to help you practice using adverbs of frequency:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverb of frequency:
a) She ____________ (always/never) forgets her keys at home.
b) They ____________ (usually/rarely) go to the movies on weekdays.
c) I ____________ (often/hardly ever) eat fast food.
d) He ____________ (sometimes/never) goes to bed early.
e) We ____________ (rarely/always) take the train to work.
Use adverbs of frequency to describe your daily routine:
a) I ____________ (always/usually) wake up at 6 a.m. and ____________ (often/sometimes) exercise in the morning.
b) During the day, I ____________ (usually/often) work on my computer and ____________ (sometimes/rarely) take breaks.
c) In the evening, I ____________ (often/rarely) cook dinner and ____________ (sometimes/hardly ever) watch TV.
Use adverbs of frequency to describe your habits or preferences:
a) When it comes to eating, I ____________ (always/usually) prefer healthy food and ____________ (rarely/never) eat junk food.
b) In terms of exercise, I ____________ (often/usually) go to the gym and ____________ (sometimes/hardly ever) go for a run outside.
c) When it comes to hobbies, I ____________ (usually/often) read books and ____________ (sometimes/rarely) play video games.
It's important to use adverbs of frequency in the correct order in a sentence, which is usually subject + adverb of frequency + verb. For example, "I always eat breakfast before work" or "She never forgets her keys at home." Adverbs of frequency can be used in various situations such as describing daily routines, habits, and preferences. Practicing with these exercises can help you use adverbs of frequency correctly and effectively in your spoken and written communication.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
13.03.2023
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
13.03.2023
To write a sentence in English, keep the following in mind:
Grammar - Make sure that your sentence is grammatically correct. This includes using the correct verb tense, subject-verb agreement, and proper sentence structure.
Clarity - Make sure that your sentence is clear and easy to understand. Avoid using overly complex vocabulary or sentence structures that can confuse the reader.
Punctuation - Use proper punctuation to help clarify the meaning of your sentence. This includes using commas, periods, and other punctuation marks correctly.
Conciseness - Try to make your sentence as concise as possible. Avoid using unnecessary words or phrases that do not add to the meaning of the sentence.
Variety - Use a variety of sentence structures and lengths to make your writing more interesting and engaging.
Context - Make sure that your sentence makes sense in the context of the larger piece of writing. Your sentence should flow smoothly and fit in with the overall message that you are trying to convey.
By keeping these things in mind, you can write effective and engaging sentences that are clear, concise, and easy to understand.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
11.03.2023
To write a paragraph in English, follow these steps:
Choose a topic - Decide on the topic that you want to write about. Make sure it is something that you are interested in and have some knowledge about.
Write a topic sentence - Start your paragraph with a clear and concise topic sentence that introduces the main idea or point of the paragraph.
Provide supporting details - Use specific examples, facts, and details to support your topic sentence. Make sure that your supporting details are relevant and help to explain or illustrate your main point.
Use transitional words and phrases - Use transitional words and phrases to connect your ideas and make your paragraph flow smoothly. Examples of transitional words and phrases include "however," "therefore," "in addition," and "furthermore."
Conclude your paragraph - End your paragraph with a concluding sentence that summarizes your main point and leads into the next paragraph.
Edit your paragraph - After you have written your paragraph, take some time to edit and revise it. Check for spelling and grammar errors, and make sure that your paragraph is clear, concise, and easy to read.
Remember that a paragraph should be focused on one main idea or point, and should be well-organized with supporting details that help to explain or illustrate that point. With practice and patience, you can become a skilled writer of English paragraphs.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
10.03.2023
Write a paragraph about your parents following the :
Parents play an important role in the lives of their children. They are the first teachers, caregivers, and role models that we encounter. From infancy, parents provide us with love, support, and guidance. They teach us basic skills such as walking and talking, and help us to develop a sense of self-esteem and confidence. As we grow older, parents continue to be an important source of emotional support and encouragement. They help us to navigate the challenges of adolescence and provide us with advice and guidance as we begin to make our way in the world. Parents are an invaluable resource, and their love and support are essential for a happy and fulfilling life. We should always appreciate the sacrifices and hard work that our parents put into raising us, and strive to be the best that we can be in order to make them proud.
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Fatmir Mani's English School
English Made Easier
Hi Piro and friends, here's a general plan for how to prepare for the TOEFL test:
Familiarize yourself with the test format: Before you begin preparing for the TOEFL test, it's important to know what the test format looks like. Take some time to research the different sections of the test, the types of questions you can expect, and the time limits for each section.
Assess your current English language skills: Take a practice test to determine your current skill level and identify areas where you need improvement. This will help you create a personalized study plan.
Set a study schedule: Plan out a study schedule that works best for you. You may want to consider studying for 1-2 hours per day, several times per week, for a period of several weeks or months leading up to the test.
Practice with TOEFL materials: Utilize official TOEFL study materials such as books, sample tests, and online resources to practice each section of the test. This will help you become familiar with the types of questions, the structure of the test, and the timing for each section.
Focus on weak areas: Identify the areas where you need improvement and focus your study efforts on those areas. If you struggle with speaking or listening, for example, focus more on those areas.
Practice time management: One of the most important factors in succeeding on the TOEFL test is time management. During your practice sessions, be sure to time yourself and practice answering questions within the given time limits.
Seek support from others: Consider joining a study group or working with a tutor who can provide support and guidance as you prepare for the test.
Take practice tests: Take multiple practice tests to assess your progress and identify areas where you still need improvement. This will help you become more comfortable with the test format and prepare you for test day.
Review your mistakes: After taking practice tests, review your mistakes to identify patterns and areas where you still need improvement. Focus on those areas during your study sessions.
Stay motivated and focused: Preparing for the TOEFL test can be a long process, so it's important to stay motivated and focused. Keep your study schedule consistent, take breaks when you need them, and stay positive.
Remember that everyone's study plan will be different, so adjust your plan according to your own needs and progress. Good luck with your TOEFL test preparation!
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09.02.2023
Past habits – ‘used to’, ‘would’ and the past simple
Zakonetësëshkuarës – ‘ishamësuartë’, ‘do të’dhekoha e kryer e thjeshtë
Do you know how to talk about past habits using used to, would and the past simple?Look at these examples to see how used to, would and the past simple are used.
A dinisitëflisnipërzakonetësëshkuarës duke përdorurishamësuartë, do tëdhekohën e kryertëthjeshtë? Shihnikëtashembujpërtëparësipërdorenishamësuartë, do tëdhekoha e kryerethjeshtë.
They used to live in London.
I didn’t use to like olives.
We would always go to the seaside for our holidays.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
When I was young we a)____ in a big house in the countryside. On summer mornings my brother and I b)____ while everyone else was asleep. We c)____ breakfast and then go quietly out of the house to the river. We d)____ hours fishing in a small boat belonging to my grandmother. My brother e)____ the names of all the different types of fish that were in the river. We would often fall asleep in the boat and our father f)____ to find us. But Dad g)____ angry because he had done the same when he was a kid. Once I h)____ an enormous fish. I was so happy!
a)
would live
used to live
b)
used to go fishing
have fished
c)
would have
had
d)
would spend
didn’t use to spend
e)
would know
used to know
f)
would come
was coming
g)
wouldn’t get
didn’t use to get
h)
used to catch
caught
Grammar explanation
Shpjegimigramatikor
When we talk about things in the past that are not true any more, we can do it in different ways.
Kur flasimrrethgjëravetësëshkuarëstëcilatnukekzistojnëmë, ne mundtëshpreheminëmënyratëndryshme.
Used to + infinitive
Isha mësuartë+ paskajore
We can use used toto talk about past states that are not true any more.
Ne mundtëpërdorimishamësuartëpërtëfolurpërgjendjetësëshkuarës, qënukjanëmëtëvërteta.
We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
There didn’t use to be a supermarket there. When did it open?
Did you use to have a garden?
We can also use used toto talk about past habits (repeated past actions) that don’t happen any more.
I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
She used to smoke but she gave up a few years ago.
used to + infinitive should not be confused with be/get used to + -ing, which has a different meaning. The difference is covered here.
ishamësuartë + paskajorenukduhettëngatërrohet me jam mësuar/mësohem + -ing, e cila ka njëkuptimtjetër. Ndryshimiështëimbuluarkëtu.
Would
Do të
We can use would to talk about repeated past actions that don’t happen any more.
Ne mundtëpërdorimdo tëpërtëfolurrrethveprimevetëpërsërituranëtëshkuarën, tëcilatnukndodhinmë.
Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride.
My dad would read me amazing stories every night at bedtime.
Would for past habits is slightly more formal than used to. It is often used in stories. We don’t normally use the negative or question form of would for past habits. Note that we can’t usually use would to talk about past states.
Do tëpërzakonet e tëshkuarësështëpakmëformale se ishamësuartë. Ajo shpeshpërdoretnëtregime. Ne nukpërdorimnormalishtformën negative dheatëpyetësetëdo tëpërzakonenëtëshkuarën. Mbani mend se zakonishtnukmundtëpërdorimdo tëpërtëfolurpërgjendjetësëshkuarës.
Past simple
Koha e kryer e thjeshtë
We can always use the past simple as an alternative to used to or would to talk about past states or habits. The main difference is that the past simple doesn’t emphasise the repeated or continuous nature of the action or situation. Also, the past simple doesn’t make it so clear that the thing is no longer true.
Ne gjithmonëmundtëpërdorimkohën e kryertëthjeshtësinjëalternativëtëishamësuartë apo do tëpërtëfolurpërgjendje apo zakonetësëshkuarës. Ndryshimikryesorështë se koha e kryer e thjeshtënuktheksonnatyrën e përsëritur apo tëvazhduartëveprimit apo situatës. Gjithashtu, koha e kryer e thjeshtënuk e bënshumëtëqartë se gjëjanukështëmë e vërtetë.
We went to the same beach every summer.
We used to go to the same beach every summer.
We wouldgo to the same beach every summer.
If something happened only once, we must use the past simple.
Nësediçkandodhivetëmnjëherë, ne duhettëpërdorimkohën e kryertëthjeshtë.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
I a)___ a really sporty person. In my first year at university, I b)___ for an hour every morning before breakfast. Then I c)___ the university boxing team and I really started to train hard. During that time, I d)___ to spend at least two hours in the gym every day. When I started my training, I e)___ my diet completely. I f)___ three eggs with toast and fruit for breakfast. I g)___ sugar in my tea because it wasn’t on my diet plan.But then I h)___ my arm and that was the end of my boxing career!
a)
would be
used to be
b)
have run
would run
c)
joined
used to join
d)
would like
used to like
e)
would change
changed
f)
have had
used to have
g)
didn’t use to have
wouldn’t have
h)
would break
broke
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02.04.2022
Past perfect
Koha ekryer e plotë
Do you know how to use phrases like They’d finished the project by March or Had you finished work when I called?Look at these examples to see how the past perfect is used.
A dinisitëpërdorniAta kishinpërfunduarprojektinngamuaji Mars apo A kishepërfunduarpunënkurunëtelefonova? Shihnikëtashembujpërtëparë se sipërdoretkoha e kryer e plotë.
He couldn’t make a sandwich because he’d forgotten to buy bread.
The hotel was full, so I was glad that we’d booked in advance.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
When she ___ on the course, she had never studied a foreign language before.
enrolled
’d enrolled
When I closed the door, I realised that I ___ my keys inside.
left
’d left
She looked really sad but I didn’t know what ___.
happened
’d happened
___ when you rang the doorbell?
Did Sai already leave
Had Sai already left
This is the oldest building in the town. It ___ over 200 years ago.
was built
’d been built
By the time I moved in, they ___ the building work.
finished
’d finished
I opened the door, and ___ inside.
went
’d gone
I looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still ___.
didn’t arrive
hadn’t arrived
Read the explanation to learn more.
Lexonishpjegiminpërtëmësuarmëshumë.
Grammar explanation
Shpjegimi gramatikor
Time up to a point in the past
Koha derinënjëpikënëtëshkuarën
We use the past perfect simple (had + past participle) to talk about time up to a certain point in the past.
Ne përdorimkohën e kryertëplotë (kisha + pjesore e kryer) përtëfolurpërkohënderinënjëpikëtëcaktuarnëtëshkuarën.
She’d published her first poem by the time she was eight.
We’d finished all the water before we were halfway up the mountain.
Had the parcel arrivedwhen you called yesterday?
Past perfect for the earlier of two past actions
E kryera e plotëpërvepriminmëtëhershëmnëdyveprimetësëshkuarës
We can use the past perfect to show the order of two past events. The past perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.
Ne mundtëpërdorimtëkryerën e plotëpërtëtreguarrendin e dyndodhivenëtëshkuarën. Ekryera e plotëtregonvepriminqëndodhimëherëtdhekoha e kryer e thjeshtëtregonvepriminqëndodhimëvonë.
When the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
It doesn’t matter in which order we say the two events. The following sentence has the same meaning.
Nuk ka rëndësinëcilin renditregojmëtëdyjandodhitë. Fjaliaqëvijon ka tënjëjtinkuptim.
The thief had escaped when the police arrived.
Note that if there’s only a single event, we don’t use the past perfect, even if it happened a long time ago.
Mbani mend se nëse ka vetëmnjëndodhitëvetme, ne nukpërdorimkohën e plotë, edhenëse ai ndodhishumëkohëmëparë.
The Romans spoke Latin. (NOT The Romans had spoken Latin.)
Past perfect with before
E kryera e plotë me mëparë
We can also use the past perfect followed by before to show that an action was not done or was incomplete when the past simple action happened.
Ne gjithashtumundtëpërdorimtëkryerën e plotëtëndjekurngamëparëpërtëtreguar se njëveprimnukishtepërfunduar apo ishteipaplotësuarkurvepriminëtëkryerën e thjeshtëndodhi.
They left before I’d spoken to them.
Sadly, the author died before he’d finished the series.
Adverbs
Ndajfoljet
We often use the adverbs already (= ‘before the specified time’), still (= as previously), just (= ‘a very short time before the specified time’), ever (= ‘at any time before the specified time’) or never (= ‘at no time before the specified time’) with the past perfect.
Ne shpeshpërdorimndajfoljettashmë (= ‘përparakohëssëcaktuar’), ende (= simëparë), sapo (= ‘njëkohëshumëtëshkurtër para kohëssëcaktuar’), ndonjëherë (= ‘nëçdokohëpërparakohëssëcaktuar’), apo kurrë (= ‘asnjëherë para kohëssëpërcaktuar’) me kohën e kryertëplotë.
I called his office but he’d already left.
It still hadn’t rained at the beginning of May.
I went to visit her when she’d just moved to Berlin.
It was the most beautiful photo I’d ever seen.
Had you ever visited London when you moved there?
I’d never met anyone from California before I met Jim.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
By the time I could talk to her, she ___ to quit her job.
decided
’d decided
I looked at the photo and suddenly realised that I ___ that man somewhere before.
saw
’d seen
First I ___ the salad, then I toasted the bread.
made
’d made
___ breakfast when you got up?
Did James already cook
Had James already cooked
She didn’t feel like another coffee as she ___ one.
just had
’d just had
We had the French exam this morning. It ___ as hard as I’d expected, though.
wasn’t
hadn’t been
I asked Sara if she wanted to go for a walk, but she still ___ her homework.
didn’t finish
hadn’t finished
Dinosaurs ___ hundreds of millions of years ago.
lived
had lived
======
26.03.2022
Phrasal verbs
Shprehjetfoljore
Do you know how to use verbs in phrases like pick the kids up, turn the music down and look after my cat?Look at these examples to see how phrasal verbs are used.
A dinisitëpërdornifoljetnë shprehje simerrfëmijët (ngashkolla), ule volumin e muzikësdhekujdesempërmacen time? Shihnikëtashembujpërtëparë se sipërdorenshprehjetfoljore.
This is the form. Please can you fill it in?
Why are you bringing that argument up now?
Police are looking into connections between the two crimes.
Phrasal verbs are very common in English, especially in more informal contexts. They are made up of a verb and a particle or, sometimes, two particles. The particle often changes the meaning of the verb.
ShprehjetfoljorejanëshumëtëzakontanëgjuhënAngleze, veçanërishtnëkontekstetmëinformale. Atojanëtëformuaranganjëfoljedhenjëpjesëz apo, ndonjëherë, dypjesëza. Pjesëzashpeshndryshonkuptimin e foljes.
I called Jen to see how she was. (call = to telephone-tëtelefonosh)
They've called off the meeting. (call off = to cancel-tëanulosh)
In terms of word order, there are two main types of phrasal verb: separable and inseparable.
Përsaipërketrendittëfjalëve, ka dyllojekryesoretëshprehjevefoljore: tëndashmedhetëpandashme.
Separable
Tëndashme
With separable phrasal verbs, the verb and particle can be apart or together.
Me shprehjetfoljoretëndashme, foljadhepjesëzamundtëjenëveçmas apo bashkë.
They've called the meeting off.
OR
They've called off the meeting.
However, separable phrasal verbs must be separated when you use a pronoun.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
___ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.
Making
Made
Having made
___ for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over.
Running
Run
Having run
On ___ her former owner, the dog ran across the room to greet him.
seeing
seen
having seen
___ in hospital for several weeks, she was delighted to be home.
Being
Been
Having been
___ by all the attention, he thanked everyone for the cake and presents.
Embarrassing
Embarrassed
Having embarrassed
The building collapsed, ___ two people.
injuring
injured
having injured
___ under normal clothes, a thermal layer keeps you warm in minus temperatures.
Wearing
Worn
Having been worn
___ by the sun, she didn’t see the boy crossing the road.
Blinding
Blinded
Having blinded
Read the explanation to learn more.
Lexonishpjegiminpërtëmësuarmëshumë.
Grammar explanation
Shpjegimigramatikor
Participle clauses enable us to say information in a more economical way. They are formed using present participles (going, reading, seeing, walking, etc.), past participles (gone, read, seen, walked, etc.) or perfect participles (having gone, having read, having seen, having walked, etc.).
Klauzolatpjesorenalejojnëtëthemitëdhënanënjëmënyrëmëekonomike, pra duke kursyer/përdorurmëpakfjalë. Atoformohen duke përdorurpjesoret e tashme (duke shkuar, duke lexuar, duke parë, duke ecur,etj.), apo pjesoret e shkuara(shkuar, lexuar, parë, ecur, etj.).
We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause have the same subject. For example,
Ne mundt’ipërdorimklauzolatpjesorekurpjesorjadhefoljanëpjesënkryesorekanëtënjëjtënkryefjalë. Përshembull,
Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. (While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.)
Duke pritur Ellie-n, unëbërapakçaj.(Ndërkohëqëisha duke pritur Ellie-n, unëbërapakçaj.)
Participle clauses do not have a specific tense. The tense is indicated by the verb in the main clause.
Klauzolatpjesorenukkanënjëkohëtëcaktuar. Koha tregohetngafoljanëpjesënkryesore.
Participle clauses are mainly used in written texts, particularly in a literary, academic or journalistic style.
Klauzolatpjesorejanëkryesishttëpërdoruranëtekstet e shkruara, veçanërishtnënjëstilletrar, akademik apo gazetaresk.
Present participle clauses
Klauzolatëpjesoressëtashme
Here are some common ways we use present participle clauses. Note that present participles have a similar meaning to active verbs.
Këtujanëdisamënyratëzakonshmesi ne përdorimklauzolat e pjesoressëtashme. Mbani mend se pjesoret e tashmekanënjëkuptimtëngjashëmme foljetnëdiatezënveprore.
To give the result of an action
Përtëdhënërezultatin e njëveprimi
The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
To give the reason for an action
Përtëdhënëarsyenpërnjëveprim
Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.
To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action
Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.
Past participle clauses
Klauzolatëpjesoressëkryer
Here are some common ways that we use past participle clauses. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning.
Këtundodhendisamënyratëzakonshmesi ne përdorimklauzolat e pjesoressëkryer. Mbani mend se pjesoret e kryeranormalishtkanënjëkuptimpësor.
With a similar meaning to an if condition
Me njëkuptimtëngjashëmpërnjëkusht‘nëse’
Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.
(If you use participles in this way, … )
(Nëseipërdorinpjesoretnëkëtëmënyrë, …)
To give the reason for an action
Përtëdhënëarsyepërnjëveprim
Worried by the news, she called the hospital.
To add information about the subject of the main clause
Përtështuartëdhënarrethkryefjalëssëpjesëskryesore
Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.
Perfect participle clauses
Klauzolatëpjesoressëplotë
Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished before the action in the main clause. Perfect participles can be structured to make an active or passive meaning.
Klauzolat e pjesoressëplotëtregojnë se veprimiqëatopërshkruajnëpërfundoi para se vepriminëpjesënkryesore. Pjesoret e plotamundtëstrukturohenpërtëbërënjëkuptimvepror apo pësor.
Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.
Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.
Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.
Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions
Klauzolatpjesore pas lidhëzavedheparafjalëve
It is also common for participle clauses, especially with -ing, to follow conjunctions and prepositions such as before, after, instead of, on, since, when, while and in spite of.
Ështëgjithashtu e zakonshmepërklauzolatpjesore, veçanërisht me -ing, tëndjekinlidhëzatdheparafjalëtsipara, pas, në vend të, mbi, qyshkur, kur, ndërkohëdhepavarësisht.
Before cooking, you should wash your hands.
Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.
On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.
While packing her things, she thought about the last two years.
In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to use it.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
___ by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled.
Confusing
Confused
Having confused
___ at a low temperature, these jeans will keep their original colour for a long time.
Washing
Washed
Having washed
___ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown.
Reading
Read
Having read
___ by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional materials with original design.
Building
Built
Having built
___ in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.
Living
Lived
Having lived
___ in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play about life behind bars.
After working
Worked
Having been worked
___ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.
Walking
Walked
Having walked
___ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation.
Selecting
Selected
Having been selected
======
05.03.2022
Past ability
Aftësinëtëshkuarën
Do you know how to use could, was able to and managed toto talk about past abilities?Look at these examples to see how could, was able to and managed to are used.
A dinisitëpërdornimundesha, ishai/e aftëtëdheiadolatëpërtëfolurpëraftësitëtuajanëtëshkuarën? Shikonikëtashembujpërtëparë se sipërdorencould, was able todhemanaged to.
I could play the guitar when I was seven years old.
The police weren’t able to catch the speeding car.
The bird managed to escape from its cage and fly away.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Zgjidhniopsionin e saktëpërtëplotësuarfjalitë.
I _____ open the door while carrying all the shopping.
managed to
could
The presentation wasn’t working at first but we _____ fix it.
could
were able to
How did you _____ write a book so soon after having a baby?
manage to
be able to
She _____ ski almost before she learned to walk.
could
managed to
He _____ attend the last meeting due to his daughter’s illness.
weren’t able to
couldn’t
_____ get your phone fixed? It looked very broken!
Did you manage to
Could you
I _____ drink milk as a child because it always made me feel sick.
couldn’t
didn’t manage to
The journey went fine yesterday and we _____ find their house easily with GPS.
could
were able to
Read the explanation to learn more.
Lexonishpjegiminpërtëmësuarmëshumë.
Grammar explanation
Shpjegimigramatikor
General ability
Aftësi e përgjithshme
We usually use could or couldn’t to talk about general abilities in the past.
Ne zakonishtpërdorim (nuk) mundeshatëpërtëfolurpëraftësitëpërgjithshmenëtëshkuarën.
She could paint before she started school.
I couldn’t cook until I went to university.
When I lived next to the pool, I could go swimming every day.
Ability on one occasion – successful
Aftësinënjërast – isuksesshëm
When we talk about achieving something on a specific occasion in the past, we use was/were able to (= had the ability to) and managed to (= succeeded in doing something difficult).
Kur flasimpërarritjen e diçkajenënjërasttëcaktuartësëshkuarës, ne përdorimishai/e aftëtë (=kishaaftësinëtë) dheiadolatë (=iadolambanëtëbëjadiçkatëvështirë).
The burglar was able to get in through the bathroom window.
The burglar managed to get in through the bathroom window even though it was locked.
Could is not usually correct when we’re talking about ability at a specific moment in the past.
Mundeshazakonishtnukështë e saktëkurjemi duke folurpërnjëaftësinënjëçasttëcaktuartësëshkuarës.
Ability on one occasion – unsuccessful
Aftësinënjërast – jo isukseshëm
When we talk about a specific occasion when someone didn’t have the ability to do something, we can use wasn’t/weren’t able to, didn’t manage to or couldn’t.
Kur flasimpërnjërasttëcaktuarkurdikushnukkishteaftësinëtëbëntediçka, ne mundtëpërdorimnukishai/e aftëtë, nukiaarritatë apo nukmundeshatë.
The speaker wasn’t able to attend the conference due to illness.
She couldn’t watch the match because she was working.
They worked on it for months but they didn’t manage to find a solution.
Note that wasn’t/weren’t able to is more formal than couldn’t, while didn’tmanage toemphasises that the thing was difficult to do.
Mbani mend se nukishai/e aftëtëështëmëformale se nukmundesha, ndërkohëqënukiaarritatëthekson se diçkaishte e vështirëtëkryhej.
Simple Past Tense. The simple past tense is used to describe a completed activity that happened in the past.
I ran to the shops.
Past Progressive Tense. The past progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing activity in the past. Often, it is used to set the scene for another action.
I was running to the shops when I saw Bruno.
Past Perfect Tense. The past perfect tense is used to emphasize that an action was completed before another took place.
I had run to the shops, but they were closed.
Past Perfect Progressive Tense. The past perfect progressive tense is used to show that an ongoing action in the past has ended.
I had been running to the shops, but I have now started walking.
The Present Tenses
Simple Present Tense. The simple present tense is mostly used to describe facts and habits.
I run daily.
Present Progressive Tense. The present progressive tense is used for an ongoing action in the present.
I am running to your house at the moment.
Present Perfect Tense. The present perfect tense is used for actions began in the past. (Often, the actions continue into the present.)
I have run for 5 miles so far.
Present Perfect Progressive Tense. The present perfect progressive tense is used for a continuous activity that began in the past and continues into the present, or a continuous activity that began in past but has now finished (usually very recently).
I have been running for hours.
The Future Tenses
Simple Future Tense. The simple future tense is used for an action that will occur in the future.
I will run to the shops tomorrow.
Future Progressive Tense. The future progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will occur in the future.
I will be running to the shops every day after today.
Future Perfect Tense. The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed at some point in the future.
I will have run to work by 12 o'clock.
Future Perfect Progressive Tense. The future perfect progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will be completed at some specified time in the future.
I will have been running for 3 hours by 12 o'clock.
Verb Tense Widget
Use this widget to learn about the different tenses. How do you use this widget? Well, if there's a button, a drop-down menu, or a , then you can click it!
Simple Present TenseI establishyou establishhe/she/it establisheswe establishyou establishthey establishPresent Progressive TenseI am establishingyou are establishinghe/she/it is establishingwe are establishingyou are establishingthey are establishingPresent Perfect TenseI have establishedyou have establishedhe/she/it has establishedwe have establishedyou have establishedthey have establishedPresent Perfect Progressive TenseI have been establishingyou have been establishinghe/she/it has been establishingwe have been establishingyou have been establishingthey have been establishing
Past Tenses
Simple PastI establishedyou establishedhe/she/it establishedwe establishedyou establishedthey establishedPast Progressive TenseI was establishingyou were establishinghe/she/it was establishingwe were establishingyou were establishingthey were establishingPast Perfect TenseI had establishedyou had establishedhe/she/it had establishedwe had establishedyou had establishedthey had establishedPast Perfect Progressive TenseI had been establishingyou had been establishinghe/she/it had been establishingwe had been establishingyou had been establishingthey had been establishing
Future Tenses
Simple FutureI will establishyou will establishhe/she/it will establishwe will establishyou will establishthey will establishFuture Progressive TenseI will be establishingyou will be establishinghe/she/it will be establishingwe will be establishingyou will be establishingthey will be establishingFuture Perfect TenseI will have establishedyou will have establishedhe/she/it will have establishedwe will have establishedyou will have establishedthey will have establishedFuture Perfect Progressive TenseI will have been establishingyou will have been establishinghe/she/it will have been establishingwe will have been establishingyou will have been establishingthey will have been establishing
========
paf26.06.2021
Future Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
The action is not complete when another action happens in the future. This is similar to past continuous, but it refers to the future.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will be traveling when you arrive.
=======
paf25.06.2021
Future Perfect Verb Tense
An action will be completed in the future before another is completed.
FUTURE PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will have traveled to France by the time you arrive.
======
paf24.06.2021
Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
An action will be continuing in the future when it is interrupted by another action. This future verb tense often includes an indication of how long the action has been happening.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will have been traveling for one hour when you arrive.
============
paf23.06.2021
Past Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
When you use past continuous, you are often using two actions. However, one action is not finished in the past, and another is complete interrupting the other action.
PAST CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, He, She, It: was traveling by bus when the deer crossed the road.
You, We, They: were traveling when the deer crossed the road.
=======
paf22.06.2021
Past Perfect Verb Tense
This verb tense uses two actions at two different times. Before the second action occurs, the first action is complete.
PAST PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: had traveled by car when the bus arrived.
=======
paf21.06.2021
Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
For colloquial English, we don’t use past perfect continuous very often. But in textbooks, it’s a bit more common. This very tense has a complete action that happened before a second action. But in this case, you can describe how long.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: had been traveling for one hour when the car broke down.
=====
paf19.06.2021
Future Simple Verb Tense
This verb tense is about planning things to do in the future. For example, what will you do tomorrow or next week?
Instead of using “will”, you can use “going to” for future tense. But this lesson uses “will” for the future tense.
FUTURE SIMPLE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will travel to France tomorrow.
===========
paf18.06.2021
Present Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
When you use present continuous, you are referring to what is happening right now. Also, it can be an action that is not yet complete.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I: am traveling right now.
You, We, They: are traveling right now.
He, She, It: is traveling right now.
=============
paf17.06.20
Present Perfect Verb Tense
Although it’s easy to confuse this verb tense with present simple, the main difference is that the action is complete for present perfect. In other words, you are looking at the result right now without any words referring to time.
PRESENT PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: have traveled to France.
He, She, It: has traveled to France.
============
paf16.06.2021
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Verb Tense
In this verb tense, an action starts in the past but it’s still continuing now. You have been performing the action and still are performing the action in the present.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: have been traveling for a day.
He, She, It: has been traveling for a day.
=============
paf15.06.2021
Past Simple Verb Tense
For past simple, it includes a finished action and time.
PAST SIMPLE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: traveled to France yesterday.
==========
paf13.06.2021
Present Simple Verb Tense
When you use the present simple, you are using a routine.
It’s something that you always do every day, month or year.
Or it’s something that you never do.
PRESENT VERB TENSE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: playevery day.
He, She, It: plays every day.
===========
paf12.06.2021
Hi Esiona,
Po filloj ti pergjigjem pyetjes suaj
The 12 Verb Tenses in English
Before we begin, here’s a list of the 12 verb tenses in English:
Present Simple
Present Continuous/Progressive
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Past Simple
Past Continuous/Progressive
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Future Simple
Future Perfect
Future Continuous/Progressive
Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive
=============
paf04.18.2021
Give happiness a chance.
Hello there
Hello there friend.
Use your time to be happy
You are a walking marvel
You have no equal
You are unique,irreplaceable,
did you know that?
Why aren't you surprised?
Why aren’t you glad, astonished
About yourself
And what about everyone else
you know?
Do you think that it’s so natural,
so obvious,
that you are alive,
that you can go on living,
that you are given time
to sing and to dance,
and to be happy?
Why then loose your time
In the senseless pursuit
Of money and possessions?
Why make a crowd of worries
of tomorrow and the days after tomorrow?
Why quarrel, bore yourself in empty amusements
And then sleep when the sun shines?
Take your time quietly
And be happy.
Time is no speedway
Between the cradle and the grave
but space
to find a place in the sun.
Page Break
paf 04.17.2021
Nothing is without meaning
My eyes are the light,
for the green of Spring and the white of the snow,
To be money, possessions, luxury, lazyness,profiteering, party-going or excitement.
With happy people
I always found,deep down, a sense of security,
A great simplicity,
And a spontaneous joy in little things.
With happy people I was always surprised
By the absence of stupid desires.
With happy people I never found
Restlessness or passionate searching,
Never that lust for self-importance.
And most often they had a good dose of humour.
==================
paf 04.13.2021
Whisteling in the rain
How is that some people
Sit in the sun looking like sour apples
and that others
whistle in the rain?
How is it that there are people
Who,as soon as they open their eyes,
see something wrong?
It is because they don’t understand
the meaning of life,
the meaning of things.
They need God, not as an impersonal, hazy being
Somewhere far away,
But as a personal friend,
like a father, close to them.
by being on intimate terms with God
and start every morning
with a new heart.
Is life sometimes too heavy for you?
Try for a while to be like a clown,
Who weeps inside,
But laughingly
Jokes and plays for a child,
To cure the sadness
In his own heart.
=================
paf 04.12. 2021
If you can’t laugh you can’t live.
Laughing is healthy.
You need to laugh.
Humour is healthy.
Do you think enough about this aspect of your health?
If all your anxieties give you wrinkles of your heart,
You will soon have wrinkles in your face.
Laughing frees you.
Humour relaxes you.
A laugh can free you from needles intensity.
A laugh is the best cosmetic for your outside
And the best medicine for your insides.
If your laugh-muscles work regularly
Your digestion will improve,
Your appetite will be stimulated,
and your blood pressure will stay down.
Humour gives you a sense of proportion.
Laughter and fun don’t only influence your metabolism,
But also your surroundings.
They lessen the tensions
And the tears.
Laughter and fun free you from that deadly earnestness
About leaden problems,
Free you from that miserable daily drag.
Laughter and fun are the best remedies
For the drugging of your heart and mind.
Laughter and fun open out new spaces
For the still unknown joys of life.
A day when you don’t laugh, is a lost day.
===============
paf 04.11.2021
Trifles
Why do I look so ugly when I miss the bus?
Or can’t I borrow the car and have to walk for once?
Yet I know that in Asia people have to walk every day,
Between the poles of a rich man’s rickshaw
-for just a handful of rice.
Why do I grumble about a minor illness
And worry about wrinkles or spots
When I know that thousands
carry an incurable illness in their body.
And thousands are being tortured for their beliefs,
For the colour of their skin of for nothing at all.
Why do I feel put on when I have to queue,
or walk in the rain or when I’m kept waiting?
Don’t I ever think of others, those with no legs,
or those who must live in bed,
the people who would be so happy, just once,
to be able to queue, or, just once,
to walk in the rain, or to kept waiting.
And if my meal isn’t served on time
Why do I forget that millions of people
Are never able to sit at a full table?
We are laughable, pathetic, stupid creatures,
Who spoil our own lives, who spoil the lives of others,
Because of a multitude of petty trifles,
When we ought to be so grateful
for every new day, for all the good things of life,
We have a fever
And our fever is really a madman’s selfishness.
==================
paf 04.10.2021
A spoilt day
I will never be happy
If I have no control over my emotions,
If my day is spoilt
By a scratch on my car,
An angry word at home,
A mini-crisis at work,
An unkept appointment,
A less-than-perfect result,
A wrinkled stocking
Or a crooked tie.
I will never be happy
If I am the victim of my own emotions,
A prisoner of overgrown expectations.
========================
paf 04.20.2021
Where have the flowers gone?
Tell me.
Where have the flowers gone?
The flowers of delight in life,
The flowers of pretty and nice things
In the TV reports, the newspapers
and in daily conversation?
They died and suffocated under an avalanche of news
About hatred, violence, murder and petty scandals.
Nobody has seen the flowers.
Nobody has heard about them.
They died and suffocated in the wallets
of sensation-seekers
and on the lips of doom-prophets.
Tell me.
Where have the flowers gone?
The flowers of little things done for each other.
The flowers of being a gift for each other.
They have died in our self-will,
Suffocated in our so-ridiculous sensitivity,
In or mini household cold-wars.
Tell me.
Where have the flowers gone
Of that tiny bit of happy security
we can offer each other?
You have a heart,
And there’s a human being who needs you.
Bring on the flowers!
Call to the Spring. Meet the sun.
Let yourself be captured by the wonder of light
and life.
Look at the skylark
who sings so high in the air.
Do you know why?
Because he doesn’t have to pay any rent!
Look up at he sky and sing,
Because the sun is free
and it shines for you.
=============================
The golden goose
Fairy tale by The Brothers Grimm
There was a man who had three sons, the youngest of whom was called Dummling, and was despised, mocked, and sneered at on every occasion.
It happened that the eldest wanted to go into the forest to hew wood, and before he went his mother gave him a beautiful sweet cake and a bottle of wine in order that he might not suffer from hunger or thirst.
When he entered the forest he met a little grey-haired old man who bade him good day, and said: 'Do give me a piece of cake out of your pocket, and let me have a draught of your wine; I am so hungry and thirsty.' But the clever son answered: 'If I give you my cake and wine, I shall have none for myself; be off with you,' and he left the little man standing and went on.
But when he began to hew down a tree, it was not long before he made a false stroke, and the axe cut him in the arm, so that he had to go home and have it bound up. And this was the little grey man's doing.
After this the second son went into the forest, and his mother gave him, like the eldest, a cake and a bottle of wine. The little old grey man met him likewise, and asked him for a piece of cake and a drink of wine. But the second son, too, said sensibly enough: 'What I give you will be taken away from myself; be off!' and he left the little man standing and went on. His punishment, however, was not delayed; when he had made a few blows at the tree he struck himself in the leg, so that he had to be carried home.
Then Dummling said: 'Father, do let me go and cut wood.' The father answered: 'Your brothers have hurt themselves with it, leave it alone, you do not understand anything about it.' But Dummling begged so long that at last he said: 'Just go then, you will get wiser by hurting yourself.' His mother gave him a cake made with water and baked in the cinders, and with it a bottle of sour beer.
When he came to the forest the little old grey man met him likewise, and greeting him, said: 'Give me a piece of your cake and a drink out of your bottle; I am so hungry and thirsty.' Dummling answered: 'I have only cinder-cake and sour beer; if that pleases you, we will sit down and eat.' So they sat down, and when Dummling pulled out his cinder-cake, it was a fine sweet cake, and the sour beer had become good wine. So they ate and drank, and after that the little man said: 'Since you have a good heart, and are willing to divide what you have, I will give you good luck. There stands an old tree, cut it down, and you will find something at the roots.' Then the little man took leave of him.
Dummling went and cut down the tree, and when it fell there was a goose sitting in the roots with feathers of pure gold. He lifted her up, and taking her with him, went to an inn where he thought he would stay the night. Now the host had three daughters, who saw the goose and were curious to know what such a wonderful bird might be, and would have liked to have one of its golden feathers.
The eldest thought: 'I shall soon find an opportunity of pulling out a feather,' and as soon as Dummling had gone out she seized the goose by the wing, but her finger and hand remained sticking fast to it.
The second came soon afterwards, thinking only of how she might get a feather for herself, but she had scarcely touched her sister than she was held fast.
At last the third also came with the like intent, and the others screamed out: 'Keep away; for goodness' sake keep away!' But she did not understand why she was to keep away. 'The others are there,' she thought, 'I may as well be there too,' and ran to them; but as soon as she had touched her sister, she remained sticking fast to her. So they had to spend the night with the goose.
The next morning Dummling took the goose under his arm and set out, without troubling himself about the three girls who were hanging on to it. They were obliged to run after him continually, now left, now right, wherever his legs took him.
In the middle of the fields the parson met them, and when he saw the procession he said: 'For shame, you good-for-nothing girls, why are you running across the fields after this young man? Is that seemly?' At the same time he seized the youngest by the hand in order to pull her away, but as soon as he touched her he likewise stuck fast, and was himself obliged to run behind.
Before long the sexton came by and saw his master, the parson, running behind three girls. He was astonished at this and called out: 'Hi! your reverence, whither away so quickly? Do not forget that we have a christening today!' and running after him he took him by the sleeve, but was also held fast to it.
Whilst the five were trotting thus one behind the other, two labourers came with their hoes from the fields; the parson called out to them and begged that they would set him and the sexton free. But they had scarcely touched the sexton when they were held fast, and now there were seven of them running behind Dummling and the goose.
Soon afterwards he came to a city, where a king ruled who had a daughter who was so serious that no one could make her laugh. So he had put forth a decree that whosoever should be able to make her laugh should marry her. When Dummling heard this, he went with his goose and all her train before the king's daughter, and as soon as she saw the seven people running on and on, one behind the other, she began to laugh quite loudly, and as if she would never stop. Thereupon Dummling asked to have her for his wife; but the king did not like the son-in- law, and made all manner of excuses and said he must first produce a man who could drink a cellarful of wine. Dummling thought of the little grey man, who could certainly help him; so he went into the forest, and in the same place where he had felled the tree, he saw a man sitting, who had a very sorrowful face. Dummling asked him what he was taking to heart so sorely, and he answered: 'I have such a great thirst and cannot quench it; cold water I cannot stand, a barrel of wine I have just emptied, but that to me is like a drop on a hot stone!'
'There, I can help you,' said Dummling, 'just come with me and you shall be satisfied.'
He led him into the king's cellar, and the man bent over the huge barrels, and drank and drank till his loins hurt, and before the day was out he had emptied all the barrels. Then Dummling asked once more for his bride, but the king was vexed that such an ugly fellow, whom everyone called Dummling, should take away his daughter, and he made a new condition; he must first find a man who could eat a whole mountain of bread. Dummling did not think long, but went straight into the forest, where in the same place there sat a man who was tying up his body with a strap, and making an awful face, and saying: 'I have eaten a whole ovenful of rolls, but what good is that when one has such a hunger as I? My stomach remains empty, and I must tie myself up if I am not to die of hunger.'
At this Dummling was glad, and said: 'Get up and come with me; you shall eat yourself full.' He led him to the king's palace where all the flour in the whole Kingdom was collected, and from it he caused a huge mountain of bread to be baked. The man from the forest stood before it, began to eat, and by the end of one day the whole mountain had vanished. Then Dummling for the third time asked for his bride; but the king again sought a way out, and ordered a ship which could sail on land and on water. 'As soon as you come sailing back in it,' said he, 'you shall have my daughter for wife.'
Dummling went straight into the forest, and there sat the little grey man to whom he had given his cake. When he heard what Dummling wanted, he said: 'Since you have given me to eat and to drink, I will give you the ship; and I do all this because you once were kind to me.' Then he gave him the ship which could sail on land and water, and when the king saw that, he could no longer prevent him from having his daughter. The wedding was celebrated, and after the king's death, Dummling inherited his kingdom and lived for a long time contentedly with his wife.
Often there is very little difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. In many cases, both are equally acceptable.
They’ve been working here for a long time but Andy has worked here for even longer.
I’ve lived here for 10 years and she has been living here for 12 years.
To emphasize the action, we use the continuous form.
We’ve been working really hard for a couple of months.
She’s been having a hard time.
To emphasize the result of the action, we use the simple form.
I’ve made fifteen phone calls this morning.
He’s written a very good report.
Look at the difference in these examples.
I’ve been reading this book for two months but I’ve only read half of it. It’s very difficult to read.
She’s been trying to convince him for 20 minutes but she hasn’t managed to yet.
They’ve been talking about this for month and they still haven’t found a solution.
When an action is finished and you can see the results, use the continuous form.
The phone bill is enormous. You’ve been calling your boyfriend in Australia, haven’t you?
You’re red in the face. Have you been running?
When you use the words ‘ever’ or ‘never’, use the simple form.
I don’t know them. I’ve never met them.
Have you ever heard anything so strange in your l
================================
paf02.08.2009
Dear students,
As your weekend is so close, please have a look at the following exercises.
It will be good if you start learning some rules about these two present tenses.
We use the Present Simple for regular actions or events I watch TV most evenings.
facts The sun rises in the east
facts know about the future
The plane leaves at 5.00 in the morning
. thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking I don’t understand.
We use the Present Continuous at the time of speaking (‘now’)
things which are true at the moment but not always I’m looking for a new job.
present plans for the future I’m taking my husband to New York for his birthday.
Look at these sentences
I’m thinking about dying my hair blonde but I don’t think my wife will be very happy about it.
I usually don’t drink coffee but I’m having one this morning because there is nothing else.
I often drive to work but I’m taking the train this morning because my car is in for repair.
My parents live in New York but I’m just visiting.
Notice how in all these examples we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.
=======================================
paf 02.07.2009
Dear students,
Just a new possibility to review your knowledge received so far.
The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent.
In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking.
It’s raining.
Who is Kate talking to on the phone?
Look, somebody is trying to steal that man’s wallet.
I’m not looking. My eyes are closed tightly.
In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don’t think it will be true in the long term.
I’m looking for a new apartment.
He’s thinking about leaving his job. /
They’re considering making an appeal against the judgment.
Are you getting enough sleep?
In these examples, the action is at a definite point in the future and it has already been arranged.
I’m meeting her at 6.30.
They aren’t arriving until Tuesday. –
We are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for all the senior managers.
Isn’t he coming to the dinner?
Time for a quiz ?
=============================
Paf 02.06.2020
Dear students,
Read the following and then do the exercises following.
fm
We use the present simple to talk about actions we see as long term or permanent. It is a very common and very important tense.
Here, we are talking about regular actions or events.
They drive to the office every day.
She doesn’t come here very often.
The news usually starts at 6.00 every evening.
Do you usually have bacon and eggs for breakfast?
Here, we are talking about facts.
We have two children.
Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F.
What does this expression mean?
The Thames flows through London.
Here, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.
Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year.
The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning.
Ramadan doesn’t start for another 3 weeks.
Does the class begin at 10 or 11 this week?
Here, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Although these feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.
(Remember that British and American English have different rules for the use of the present perfect. The comments and the exercises here refer to correct grammar for British English. In American English, it is often considered acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)
The past simple is used to talk about actions in the past that have finished. It talks about ‘then’ and definitely excludes ‘now’.
The present perfect simple to look back on actions in the past from the present. It always includes ‘now’.
These sentences are in the past with no connection to the present.
I first got to know him 10 years ago.
I started work here in 1989.
I had too much to eat at lunchtime.
Now look at these same situations seen from the present.
I’ve known him for 10 years.
I’ve worked here since 1987.
My stomach hurts. I’ve eaten too much.
We use time expressions like ‘yesterday’, ‘ago’, ‘last year’, ‘in 1999’ with the past simple.
We spoke to him yesterday.
He came in a few moments ago.
We made our last purchase from them over a year ago.
She joined the company in 1999.
We use time expressions like are ‘ever’, ‘never’, ‘since’ with the present perfect.
I’ve never seen so many people here before.
Have you ever been more surprised?
I’ve done a lot since we last talked about it.
Typical time expressions used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple in American English are ‘already’, ‘just’, ‘yet’.
I haven’t done it yet. (UK)
I didn’t do it yet. (US)
I’ve just done it. (UK)
I just did it. (US)I’ve already done it. (UK)
I already did it. (US)
We can use the time phrase ‘for’ with both forms, but with different meanings.
I lived in Paris for a couple of years before I moved here.
I’ve lived in Paris for a couple of years and still love it.
========== paf02.02.2020 Dear Glei and other students, Last time you asked me a question about Present Perfect Tense. Fortunately, with the help of an English grammar teacher I have found this following answer for you. Please read and do the following exercises. fm
(Please note that British and American English have different rules for the use of this tense. The explanation and exercises here refer to British English. In American English, it is often acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)
We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.
We can use it to look back on the recent past.
I’ve broken my watch so I don’t know what time it is.
They have cancelled the meeting.
She’s taken my copy. I don’t have one.
The sales team has doubled its turnover.
When we look back on the recent past, we often use the words ‘just’ ‘already’ or the word ‘yet’ (in negatives and questions only).
We’ve already talked about that.
She hasn’t arrived yet.
I’ve just done it.
They’ve already met.
They don’t know yet.
Have you spoken to him yet?
Have they got back to you yet?
It can also be used to look back on the more distant past.
We’ve been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
She’s done this type of project many times before.
We’ve mentioned it to them on several occasions over the last six months.
They’ve often talked about it in the past.
When we look back on the more distant past, we often use the words ‘ever’ (in questions) and ‘never’.
Have you ever been to Argentina?
Has he ever talked to you about the problem?
I’ve never met Jim and Sally.
We’ve never considered investing in Mexico.
=================
paf03.16.2018
A
Test yourself
These tests will help you decide what you need to learn.
Following are some basic grammar points:
Choose the correct answers. One or more answers may be correct.
1. She is .................. university teacher.
a) a b) an c) the d) one
2. I like ............... small animals.
a) the b) -- c) every d) all
3. Is this coat ............... ?
a) yours b) your c) the yours d) yor
4. Is Lucy .............. ?
a) a friend of yours b) a your friend c) your friend
5. Who are ............... people over there ?
a) that b) these c) the d) those
6. ........... is your phone number?
a) Which b) What c) How d) Why
7. Could I have ........................ drink?
a) an other b) other c) another d) others
8. There aren't ....................... for everybody.
a) chairs enough b) enough chairs c)enough of chairs d) of the chairs enough
9. They're ............. young to get married.
a) too much b) too c) very too much d) too many
10. Most ............... like dancing.
a) of people b) of the people c) people
11. Bill and Nancy phone ............. every day .
a) them b) then c) each other d) one the other
12. It's ................. weather.
a) terrible b) the terrible c) a nice d) the
13. The plural of car is cars. Which of these are correct plurals?
a) journeys b) ladys c) minuts d) babies
14. Which of these is/are correct?
a) happier b) more happier c) unhappier d) beautifuller
15. This is .................. winter for 20 years.
a) the more bad b) worse c) the worse d) the worst
======================================
paf03.19.2018
Ushtrimet e meposhteme I punoni per diten e hene me 19 mars 2018.
fm
16) She's much taller ... me
A) than B) as C) that
17) He lives in the same street ... me
A) that B) like C) as D) than
18) Her eyes ... a very light blue.
A) are B) have C) has
19) ... help me ?
A) Can you to B) Do you can C) Can you
20) You ... worry about it.
A) not must B) don't must C) must not D) mustn't
21) It ... again. It ... all the time here in the winter.
Ushtrimet qe vijojne I punoni per diten e hene me daten 26 mars 2018.
fm
46) We met when we ... in France.
A) studied B) were studying C) had studied
47) As soon as she came in I knew I ... her before .
A) have seen B) saw C) had seen
48) This picture ... by a friend of my mother's.
A) is painting B) is painted C) was painting D) was painted
49) Can you ... ?
A) make me some tea B) make some tea for me C) make for me some tea
50) Try ... be late.
A) not to B) to not
51) I went to London ... clothes.
A) for buy B) for to buy C) for buying D) to buy
52) You can't live very long without ...
A) to eat B) eat C) eating D) you eat
53) I enjoy ... , but I wouldn't like ... it all my life.
A) to teach; to do B) teaching; doing C) to teach; doing D) teaching; to do
54) Her parents don't want ... married.
A) her to get B) her get C) that she get D) that she gets
55) I'm not sure what ...
A) do they want ? B) do they want C) they want.
56) The policeman ... me not to park there.
A) asked B) said C) told D) advised
57) I ... you if you ... that again.
A) hit,say B) 'll hit, 'll say C) hit, 'll say D) 'll hit, say
58) It would be nice if we ... a bit more room.
A) would have B) had C) have
59) If ... you me, I ... in real trouble last year.
A) didn't help, would have been
B) hadn't helped, would have been
C) hadn't helped, would be
D) didn't help, would be
paf03.03.2018
Dear students,
Ne njesite frazeologjike te mesimit te gjuhes angleze, ju duhet te kini vere re dy shprehje te tilla si:
"Would you like ...?" apo " I'd like..." .
Po e parashtrojme kete mesim vetem per ata te cilet nuk e dine.
Ne pergjithesi ne gjuhen angleze ne perdorim shprehjen: "Would you like ..?" sa here kur duam te shprehim kuptimin;" Do you want....?"
Me nje fjale, ne qofte se ju, do te deshironi ti ofroni dikujt dicka, atehere do te ishte shume mire te perdornit shprehjen:' Would you like...?"
psh:" Would you like some coffee?"
"Would you like an orange?"
"What would you like?"
Gjithashtu ju mund te perdorni te njejten shprehje ne qofte se do te deshironit te ndertonit nje ftese per dike, s psh ne fjaline pyetese:" Would you like to go for a walk?"
Would you like to come for dinner?"
"What would you like to do this evening?"
I would like.., eshte nje forme te shprehuri gjuhesor me nje doze te larte miresjellje kur ne deshirojme te shprehim mendimin:" Une dua, deshiroj;" Forma e shkurter e kesaj shprehjeje eshte:"I'd..."
* I am thirsty. I would like a drink.
* I would like some information about Nehemia Gateway Unversity.
* I'd like to see your university.
Shpesh here ju mund te gjendeni para perdoimit te dy shprehjeve te tilla si:
"Would you like ...?" "I'd like..... apo "Do you like ...?" " I like...."
Ne qofte se fjalia gjendet si:" Would you like some tea?" Atehere kuptimi i saj do te jete = "Do you want some tea?"
Nese fjalia eshte :' Do you like tea?" atehere kuprtimi duhet te jete:=" Do you think tea is nice?"
"Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?"(= Do you want to go tonight?")
Ndersa fjalia:' Do you like going to the cinema?"= ( nje mendim ne pergjithsi; in general)
"I'd like an orange" = ( Can I have an orange?")
"I like oranges ( in general)
Ushtrim: Gjeni se cila nga zgjedhjet mundeshme eshte e sakte:
=========================== paf02.06.2018
Te dashur Studente,
Sot e ne vijim ju jeni te lutur te ndiqni me kujdes faqen tuaj, ku do te gjeni nje numur leksionesh per tema te kaluara tek te cilat ju mund te kini paraqitur disa veshtiresi te lehta. Me qellim qe ti kaperceni ato pa probleme shikoni keto mesime te shoqeruara me ushtrime edhe nese do te kini pyetje te metejshme atehere i diskutojme bashke ne oret respektive.
fm
3.PRESENT SIMPLE (1)
ØWe form the Present Simple like this:
Ne e formojme kohen e tashme ne kete menyre:
Positive (pohore)
Singular:I listen
You listen
He, she, it listens
Plural:We listen
You listen
They listen
I
listen to the radio.
She speaks
English.
ØWe add-s after he,
she, it:
Ne vendosim s pas vetave ai, ajo ose ai, ajo per
sendet dhe kafshet.
I work-He worksI learn-She learns
ØIf a verb ends in –ch, o, sh, x,or ss,
we add es after he, she,
it:
Nese nje folje mbaron me ch, o, sh, x, ose
ss,
pas peremrave vetore ai, ajo, ai/ajo per
sendet dhe kafshet, ne vendosim es.
I
brush-He
brushesYou go-She
goesWe watch-It watches
They
catch-It
catchesI fix-He fixes
We push-It pushes
ØIf a verb ends in a consonant (b,c,etc) + Y (e.g fly-flies), we use -ies
after he/she/it:
Nese nje folje mbaron me nje bashketingellore si (b,cetj)+
y
(p.sh. fluturoj-fluturon), ne perdorim -ies pas peremrave vetore ai, ajo, ai/ajo per sendet dhe kafshet.
I reply-
she repliesI fly-
she fliesI study-she
studies
2. Now look at these examples of the negative :
Tani shikoni keto shembuj te mohores:
I don’t watch that film.
She doesn’t brush her teeth.
Negative ( mohore)
Full form
Short form
I do not
listen.
You do not
listen.
He, she, it does
not listen
We do not
listen
You do not
listen
They do not
listen
I don’t
listen.
You don’t
listen.
He, she, it doesn’t
listen.
We don’t
listen.
You don’t
listen.
They don’t listen.
ØNote that we say:
Mbani mend se ne themi:
She does notlisten. (Not She does not listens).
Ø3. We use the Present Simple:
Ne perdorim kohen e tashme per:
·To talk about things that happen regularly:
Per te folur per gjera qe ndodhin
rregullisht.
Sheworks every
day.
·To talk about facts:
Per
te folur per fakte:
Her mother isAlbanian.
I don’t speak Greece.
Practice
Praktika
A.Add s or es to the verbs in the sentences if it is necessary.
If it is not necessary put a tick (√) in the gap.
Vendos s ose es ne foljet tek fjalite e meposhtme
nese eshte e nevojshme. Nese nuk eshte e nevojshme vendos shenjen (√) ne
hapesiren bosh.
He work..s… in a bank.
They live (√) in Germany.
1)I watch……………TV every day.
2)She go………….to work by car.
3)The film finish……….at ten o’clock.
4)We play……….tennis every weekend.
5)They go………..on holiday in August.
6)He speak……..Italian and French.
7)She do………..her homework every night.
8)We start……………..work at half past
eight.
B.Now finish these
sentences using a verb from the box. Use each verb once. Remember to add-s or –es if necessary.
Tani perfundoni keto fjali duke
perdorur nje folje nga kutia. Perdor secilen nga foljet vetem nje here. Mbani
mend te shtoni ose vendosni s ose es nese eshte e nevojshme.
Flystudyfinisheat sellsmokedrinklive
He eats toast for breakfast.
1)I ………….coffee three times a day.
2)My father …………..a new language every
year.
3)She…………to New York once a month.
4)He………ten cigarettes a day.
5)They …………..in Ireland.
6)He………work.. at sic o’clock.
7)I ………fruit in a shop.
C.Write these sentences, using the negative form of the Present Simple.
Shkruaj keto fjali duke perdorur
formen mohore te kohes se tashme.
(He/not/live/in Mexico). He
doesn’t live in Mexico.
1)(she /not/work/ in a bank).
…………………………………………..
2)(I/not/play/golf).…………………………………………………………
3)(Paul/not/listen/to the radio).……………………………………..
4)(we /not/speak/French).……………………………………………….
5)(you/not/listen/to me!).………………………………………………..
6)( My car/not/work).
………………………………………………………
7)( I/not/drink/tea).………………………………………………………..
8)( Sheila/not/eat/meat).
…………………………………………………
9)( I/not/understand/you).…………………………………………….
D. Put in the verbs from the box, in
the Present Simple. Use each verb once.
Vendosfoljet ne kuti ne kohen e tashme. Perdor
secilen nga foljet nje here te vetme.
Leavestartarriveget watchworkgostop
brusheathavelikedrink
Interviewer: How do you start the day, Ben?
Ben: Well, I get up at six o’clock. I get washed and dressed, and I
(1)……………….breakfast at seven o’clock. After breakfast, I (2) ………………………my teeth.
I (3)……………………to work at eight.
Interviewer: When
do you get to work?
Ben: I usually (4) …………………..at my office at
about half past eight. First, I (5)………………a cup of coffee, and then I
(6)………………………work at 8:45 a.m.
Interviewer:Where do you work?
Ben: I (7) …………………in a bank. I am a computer
operator. I (8)……my job. It’s very interesting.
Interviewer:When do you eat lunch?
Ben: I (9)…………………work and I have lunch at one
o’clock. I (10)………………….a cup of tea at half past three.
Interviewer: When
do you finish work?
Ben:I
(11) ……………the office at six o’clock. I eat dinner when I get home. Then I (12) ………..TV for an hour or two.
E.
Use the table to write facts about Jim. A tick (√) means
that something is true. A cross (X) means that something is not true. Use
the verbs in brackets ( ).
Perdor tabelen e meposhtme per te shkruajtur fakte per
Xhimin. Shenja (√) tregon dicka te
vertete. Kryqi tregon se dicka nuk eshte e vertete. Perdor foljet ne kllapa.
1
2
3
4
From
Scotland √in a bank Xin a
flat √French√
From
EnglandXin a shop √in a house XItalian X
new films X
old films√
(come) She comes from
Scotland.She doesn’t come from
Scotland.
1)Work: She……………………in a bank.She………………………………………………..
2)Live: she ……………………………………..She…………………………………………………
3)Speak. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4)Like:……………………………………………….……………………………………………………
4. PRESENT SIMPLE (2)
Koha
e tashme (2)
1.We use the Present Simple:
Ne perdorim kohen e tashme per:
·To talk about feelings and opinions:
Per te folur per ndjenia dhe
opinione:
I like ice-creams.
I don’t like spiders.
He loves music.
Bella wants a new dress.
I don’t want a glass of water, thanks.
She feels tired.
·To talk about thoughts:
Per te folur per mendime:
I think she’s hungry.
I don’t think he likes his new car.
I don’t know how she looks like now.
They don’t understand English.
2.We form Present
Simplequestions like this:
Ne formojme kohen e tashme ne kete
menyre:
Questions
Pyetese
SingularDo I
Do youlisten?
Does he/she/it
PluralDo
we
Do youlisten?
Do they
vNote that we put do before I/you/we/they:
Mbani mend se ne vendosim do perpara
peremrave vetore une, ti, ne ,ata/ato,
ju.
Doyou speak English?
Do you study in this school?
Do they work hard?
vWe put does before
he/she/it.
Ne vendosim does perpara peremrave vetore ai, ajo ose ai/ajo per sende ose kafshe.
Does she drive the bus?
Does Ben enjoy walking?
Does he ride the bike?
vNote that we say:
Mbani mend se ne themi:
Does he read?( Not Does he reads?)
Practice
Praktika
A.Putthe words from the box in the correct form. Use the Present Simple. Use each verb once.
Vendosni fjalet e kutise ne formen e
sakte. Perdor kohen e tashme. Perdor secilen nga foljet vetem nje here.
Once upon a time, an old man spread rumors that his neighbor was a thief. As a result, the young man was arrested. Days later he was proven innocent. After being released, he sued the old man for wrongly accusing him.
In court, the old man told the judge,
"They were just comments,they didn't harm anyone."
The judge before passing sentence on the case,told the old man,"write all the things you said about the him on a piece of paper."
"Cut it into little pieces and on the way home,throw the pieces of paper out of your car window. Tomorrow, come back to hear the sentence."
The next day,the judge told the old man,
"Before receiving the sentence, I want you to go out and gather up all the pieces of paper that you threw out of your car window yesterday."
The old man said, " I can't do that!The wind has spread them all over the place and won't know where to find them."
Then the judge replied,
"The same way, simple words and comments may destroy the honor of a person to such an extent that a person will not be able to fix it. If you can't speak well of someone, don't say anything at all.
Let's all be masters of our mouths,so that we won't be slaves of our words."
"Gossips are worse than thieves because they steal another person's dignity,honor,reputation and credibility which are impossible to restore.So remember this: when your feet slip,you can always recover your balance,but when your tongue slips, you can never recover words."
paf18.03.2017
Present Perfect Tense
We form Present Perfect Tense with the help of the verb to have + past participle of the main verb.
We form the past participle of the regular verbs by adding - ed to the basic verb form; eg: work + ed = worked.
We use Present Perfect tense:
* for actions started in the past and continue up to the present.
eg. He has been a teacher for 33 years. ( He started to work as a teacher 33 years ago and still he is a teacher )
* to talk about a past action which has a visible result in the present.
eg. Mr. Jones has built a new house.
* for actions which happened at an unspecific time in the past. The action is more important than the time
The action is more important than the time.
He has been in New York. ( when ? We don't know. it's not important )
* For recently completed actions.
She has done the shopping. (The action is complete . The shopping is now done . )
·
F* or personal experiences /changes which have happened .
She has cut her hair short recently.
·
* To put emphasis on a number .
She has been to the gym seven times this week .
* Time expressions used with the present perfect : just , already , yet , for, since , ever , never , ect.
Present perfect continuous
Form : present tense of “have” + been + main verb + -ing
Use
We use the present perfect continuous:
* To put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present .
He has been rearranging the living room since Friday .
·
* For an action which started in the past and lasted for some time . It may still be continuing , or have finished , but it has left a visible result in the present .
She ‘s happy because she has been listening to her favourite CD all day.
·
* To express anger , irritation or annoyance / criticism .
She has been using my computer without asking me .
·* For repeated actions in the past continuing to the present .
He has put on weight because he’s been eating junk food everyday since last month.
*
* Time expressions used with the present perfect continuous : since , for , how long ( to put emphasis on duration ).
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
We use the past simple for:
* An action happened at a stated time in the past.
Liz watched a film yesterday . ( When ? Yesterday . The time is mentioned ).
·
* An action which started and finished in the past .
Paul had an earache for a week . (He doesn’t have an earache any more ).
* We use the present perfect simple for :
·
* An action which happened at an unstated time in the past .
Liz has watched a film . ( We don’t know when . )
* An action which started in the past and is still continuing in the present .
Paul has lived here for two years. ( He still lives here. )
_____________________________
Have gone to / Have been to / Have been in
________________________________________________
She has gone to work . (She ‘s on her way to work or she’s there right now . She hasn’t come back yet. )
·Hehas been to Berlin . ( He has visited Berlin but he isn’t there right now . He has some back . )
·They have been inAthens for eight months . ( They are in Athens now . )
Hope and wish you are enjoying your holiday today.
Whenever you get a little time just have a close look at the following lesson.
fm
Prepositions
Talk about place
Some prepositions are difficult, because they have more than one meaning. Today we are going to talk about some prepositions which we use to talk about place.
In
On
at
We use in with 3-demensional spaces like boxes, rooms, towns or countries.
We use on with 2-demensional surfaces like floors, tables, walls, or ceilings.
‘Where is James?’ ‘In the car.’ There is nothing in the box. Barbara’s in Neshville.
The church has wonderful paintings on the ceiling. There were two clocks on the wall.
People are in clothes. Clothes and jewellery ( rings, ear rings ect) are on people.
Who is the man in the black shirt?
Jane had a ring on every finger.
We often use at to show where something happens – for example, with meeting places or points on a journey.
We often us at with words for things that people do, or places where they do them.
At a football match; at lunch; at a restaurant; at work at the office; at the theatre; at the cinema; at the station; at a party; at the university.
Sometimes in and at are both possible. We prefer at when we are thinking about the activity-what we do in a place- and in when we think about the place itself.
We had lunch at Shemo’s restaurant.
It was very hot in the living room.
at the supermarket near the stairs
It’s on table (… in the table) at the doctor’s next to the post office
under your chair. at the bus stop opposite the station
In the fridge. at the station outside the window
Near the door. at home behind the tree
In the living room in Park Street at work in front of the tree
In a small flat in London at school between those two
On the second floor in England at lunch
At 53 Park Street
He lived in Saigon.
He studied at Saigon University. Go straight on for 300 metres and it’s
On the right.
I’m going to Edinburgh tomorrow.(…going at…)
I’ll arrive at Waverly Station at 9.15.(…arrive to …)
She was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic.
Round the world. No preposition
‘Where are you from?’ ‘I’m from Ireland.’ I want to go home.(…to home…)
=======================
paf10.03.2017
If you want to find the first five rules, just scroll down a little and the first rule will be there.
Enjoy reading and learning them.
fm
6. Don’t use a present tense after It’s time.
It’s time you went home. (NOT It’s time you go home.)
It’s time we invited Bill and Sonia. (NOT It’s time we invite Bill and Sonia.)
7. Use was/were born to give dates of birth.
I was born in 1975. (NOT I am born in 1975.)
Shakespeare was born in 1564.
8. Police is a plural noun.
The police are looking for him. (NOT The police is looking for him.)
I called the police, but they were too busy to come.
9. Don't use the to talk about things in general.
Books are expensive. (NOT The books are expensive.)
I love music. (NOT I love the music.)
10. Use had better, not have better.
I think you’d better see the doctor. (NOT I think you have better see the doctor.)
Read the following jokes and try to retell them at out next session.
fm
A teenage girl had been talking on the phone for about half an hour, and then she hung up.
"Wow!," said her father, "That was short. You usually talk for two hours. What happened?"
"Wrong number," replied the girl.
PUPIL: "Would you punish me for something I didn`t do?" TEACHER:" Of course not." PUPIL: "Good, because I haven`t done my homework."
A teacher asked a student to write 55. Student asked: How? Teacher: Write 5 and beside it another 5! The student wrote 5 and stopped. teacher: What are you waiting for? student: I don't know which side to write the other 5!
When I want to teach the colours, I just ask my students to pretend the phone is ringing and they will answer:
Phone rings: "Green, green!"
They answer: "Yellow?"
They ask: "White?"
They hang up: "Pink!"
While teaching this use your hands pretending you are holding the phone.
Little Johnny: Teacher, can I go to the bathroom? Teacher: Little Johnny, MAY I go to the bathroom? Little Johnny: But I asked first!
Two goldfish in a bowl talking: Goldfish 1: Do you believe in God? Goldfish 2: Of course, I do! Who do you think changes the water?
Son: Dad, what is an idiot? Dad: An idiot is a person who tries to explain his ideas in such a strange and long way that another person who is listening to him can't understand him. Do you understand me? Son: No.
Man: I could go to the end of the world for you. Woman: Yes, but would you stay there?
Man: I offer you myself.
Woman: I am sorry I never accept cheap gifts.
Man: I want to share everything with you.
Woman: Let's start from your bank account.
Teacher: Why are you late? Student: There was a man who lost a hundred dollar bill. Teacher: That's nice. Were you helping him look for it? Student: No. I was standing on it.
Starting from this evening and on, up to the end of May 2017, you are going to find certain rules which will be a real help to every one,on the way of studying English to the best of your abilities.
fm
GOLDEN GRAMMAR RULES
By Michael Swan
1.Don’t use an with own.
Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.)
I’d like a phone line of my own. (NOT … an own phone line.)
2.Use,orrather, to correct yourself.
She’s German – or rather, Austrian. (NOT She’s German – or better, Austrian.)
I’ll see you on Friday – or rather, Saturday.
3. Use the simple present – play(s), rain(s) etc – to talk about habits and repeated actions.
I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.)
It usually rains a lot in November.
4. Use will …, not the present, for offers and promises.
I’ll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.)
I promise I’ll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.)
5. Don’t drop prepositions with passive verbs.
I don’t like to be shouted at. (NOT I don’t like to be shouted.)
This needs to be thought about some more. (NOT This needs to be thought some more.)
Besoj se ju tashme jeni mesuar me ato elemente gjuhesore te cilat quhen phrasal verbs.
Disa folje ne gjuhen angleze vijne si bashkime foljesh me parafjale te caktura edhe si te tilla ato ndertojme kuptime shume te vecanta ne gjuhe. Duke u nisur sipas shkronjave te alfabetit le te provojme te mesojme foljet e meposhteme edhe pastaj i kontrollojme bashke.
fm
act up (no object): misbehave (for people); not work properly (for machines).
"The babysitter had a difficult time. The children acted up all evening."
"I guess I'd better take my car to the garage. It's been acting up lately."
act like (inseparable): behave in a way that's like _____ .
"What's wrong with Bob? He's acting like an idiot."
Note: This phrasal verb is very informal.
add up (1. no object): logically fit together.
"His theory is hard to believe, but his research adds up."
Note: This phrasal verb is often negative.
"His theory seems, at first, to be plausible, but the facts in his research don't add up."
add up (2. separable): find the total.
"What's the total of those bills? Could you add them up and see?"
add up to (inseparable): to total.
"The bills add up to $734.96. That's more than I expected!"
ask out (separable): ask for a date.
"Nancy has a new boy friend. Joe asked her out last night."
Teaching reported speech is highly important, because we use it all the time! Every time we need to tell someone what another person said earlier, we use reported speech.
We do this constantly to:
share information
tell stories
explain situations
So to truly master English, your students must understand and feel comfortable with direct and reported speech.
In English, there are specific rules regarding how to form reported speech.
But the first thing to know is which words to use when reporting.
Direct speech is exactly what a person says. When we want to quote someone's exact words, we use quotation marks.
For example:
"The novel is really interesting," said Andrea.
When we want to report what someone said, we do not use quotation marks. We report what they said, but we don't use their exact words. This is called reported speech or indirect speech.
For example:
Andrea said the novel was really interesting.
Changes in person, place, time, and possessive words
When we use indirect speech, we are reporting what someone else said in a different time and situation. Logically, we need to change some of the words from the original statement.
This happens with person, place, time, and possessive words.
For example:
DIRECT SPEECH: "Youare a very good employee." REPORTED SPEECH: He said I was a very good employee. (We need to change the person word.)
DIRECT SPEECH: "It is sunny here." REPORTED SPEECH: She said it was sunny there. (We need to change the place word.)
DIRECT SPEECH: "I went to a concert yesterday." REPORTED SPEECH: She said she went to a concert the day before. (We need to change the time word.)
DIRECT SPEECH: "Harvey is ourpet dog." REPORTED SPEECH: She said Harvey is theirpet dog. (We need to change the possessive word.)
Reporting verbs
There are some verbs that we use very often when we report what other people said.
Some of the most common ones are:
say
tell
warn
promise
announce
mention
For example:
They said it rained all evening.
She promised she would call me today.
They announced that the President would make a speech.
Greg mentioned that he was sick.
Remember that when we use the reporting verbs tell and warn, we always need to say who.
For example:
Emily toldmeshe had finished her project.
The lifeguard warnedthe swimmers there could be sharks.
It is important to remember that the word that in reported speech is almost always optional.
For example:
They said there was a meeting at four o'clock. OR They said that there was a meeting at four o'clock.
Tense shift
When we report what someone else has said, we are giving the information at a later time. They said something earlier, and we are reporting it now.
Because we are giving the information at a later time, we need to change the tense in the original statement so that it makes sense. We "back-step" with the verb tense.
For example, if the statement was made in the simple present, we report it in the simple past:
"I amreally tired," she said.
She said she wasreally tired.
If the statement was made in the simple past, we use the past perfect when we report:
"They cameto the house around 4:30pm," he told me.
He told me they had come to the house around 4:30pm.
If the statement was made in the present perfect, we use the past perfect when we report:
If you didn't grow up speaking English, you may have a problem with sentence order when you speak English.
In German, for example, it's possible to move the words around in a sentence.
In English, however, about all the variety you could get out of that sentence would be to maybe move the time to the front: "Yesterday, I ate an apple" instead of "I ate an apple yesterday."
That's because the order of words in an English sentence tells us what their job is in that sentence.
So, a good place to start is looking at the different roles that are played in a sentence.
So next time we'll start going over the sentence parts in English. That will help you speak and write better.
In the meantime, you can start preparing yourself:
Little Billy wanted $100 badly and prayed for two weeks but nothing happened.
Then he decided to write God a letter requesting the $100. When the postal authorities received the letter addressed to God, USA, they decided to send it to President Bush.
The President was so impressed, touched, and amused that he instructed his secretary to send Billy a $5.00 bill.
President Bush thought this would appear to be a lot of money to a little boy.
Billy was delighted with the $5.00 and sat down to write a thank you note to God, which read:
Dear God,
Thank you very much for sending the money, however, I noticed that for some reason you had to send it through Washington D.C. and, as usual, those crooks deducted $95.00.
For all of you with teenagers or who had teenagers, you may want to know why they really have a lot in common with cats:
1. Neither teenagers nor cats turn their heads when you call them by name.
2. No matter what you do for them, it is not enough. Indeed, all humane efforts are barely adequate to compensate for the privilege of waiting on them hand and foot.
3. You rarely see a cat walking outside of the house with an adult human being, and it can be safely said that no teenager in his or her right mind wants to be seen in public with his or her parents.
4. Cats and teenagers can lie on the living-room sofa for hours on end without moving, barely breathing.
5. Cats have nine lives. Teenagers carry on as if they did.
A very loud Texan Engineer was visiting Australia, and talking big about all of the large civil works in the USA that he was involved in. To be polite his Australian counterpart took him on a tour of some of Sydney's larger constructions.
First he took him to Gladesville Bridge. The Texan exclaimed, "What's that!" In reply the Australian said, "That's the Gladesville Bridge".
"Hmmph" said the Texan, "How long and how many men did it take to build?" The Australian replied, "About 5 years with 1000 men."
The Texan replied, "Well in Texas we would've done it in 2 years with 500 men."
Next they went to the Sydney Opera House. "What's that" said the Texan. "That's the Sydney Opera House" was the reply.
"Hmmph" said the Texan, "How long and how many men did it take to build?" The Australian replied, "About 10 years with 200 men."
The Texan replied "Well in Texas we would've done it in 4 years with 200 men."
By this stage the Australian was a little put out by the Texan's attitude so he decided to get some revenge, they walked around the Sydney Opera House and as they did the Sydney Harbor Bridge came into view.
Immediately the Texan exclaimed, "Wow! What's that?"
The Australian Engineer replied, "I don't know, it wasn't there yesterday."
=================================================
paf15.04.2015
Phrasal verbs 3
(Pjesa e trete) Word order with phrasal verbs Rendi i fjaleve ne nje fjali me folje frazale ne te.
When a phrasal verb has an object, the object can go either before or after the adverb.
Verb Object Adverb Jamestook his hat off.
Barbara wrote the number down.
Nency let the dog out Verb Adverb Object James took off his hat. Barbara wrote down the number. Nency let out the dog.
A long object goes after the adverb.
Why don't you try on that dress in the window?
The gang have carried out a number of bank raids in the last few months.
A pronoun ( e.g. it, them) always goes before the adverb.
James felt hot in his coat, so he took it off. Not He took off it.
There have been a number of raids. The police know who carried them out.
Not The police know who carried out them.
=======================================================
PAF14.04.2015
Phrasal verbs
Dear students,
I am quite sure that you are familiar with dialogues like:
"Hello, Bill. Good to see you. Come in. Take your coat off and sit down."
Such phrases are simply known as phrasal verbs. It's of great importance that each one of you knows some of them.
I would like to introduce a few number of them and let's try to understand their meanings and use them in sentences,making them part and parcel of the everyday usage of the language.
1) Introduction
(Nje veshtrim i pergjithshem )
A phrasal verb is a verb+ adverb. eg. come in,sit down,take off. There are a lot of phrasal verbs in English. Following you will find some adverbs which are used in phrasal verbs: about,along,around,away,back,behind,by,down,forward,in,off,on,out,over,round,through,up.
Some of these words can be prepositions.
eg. wait for; belongs to;look at; look for;look after; look into;agree with; apologize for; ask for; care about; deal with; care of; rely on; pay for;suffer from;
2) Understanding phrasal verbs
( Te kuptuarit e foljeve frazale )
Some phrasal verbs are easy to understand. eg. James asked Endri to come in. The man in front turned round and stared at the little boy who entered without knocking at the door.
The meanings here are clear if you know the words, come,in,turn,round. But many phrasal verbs are idiomatic. The verb + adverb has a special meaning.
Fortunately the plan came off.(= succeeded)
Why did you turn down such an offer?(= refuse )
I can't make out it it's a man or a woman over there.( = see clearly )
Sometimes a phrasal verb has the same meaning as one-word verb.
find out = discover go back = return go on = continue leave out = omit make up = invent a story put off = postpone send out = distribute throw away = discard turn up = arrive
You should keep in mind that a phrasal verb is usually more informal than one-word verb.
3) WORD ORDER WITH PHRASAL VERBS
When a phrasal verb has an object, the object can go either before or after the adverb
VERB OBJECT ADVERB
Long ago in ancient Japan, there lived two brothers named Asao and Ayato. Asao was the older brother and Ayato was the younger one. Now, these brothers were quite different from each other. While Asao was greedy and selfish, Ayato was a kind and helpful man. Both of them lived with their wives in houses that stood next to each other.
One day, Ayato had to go to another town for business. On the journey, he had to make his way through a forest. While walking through the forest, Ayato spotted a freshwater lake. Tired and thirsty, he drank some water. Just then, he noticed a forlorn child crying nearby. There was no parent or guardian to be seen. Taken by pity, Ayato approached the boy and asked him his name and where he had come from. The boy replied that he was from a nearby town and that he had lost his way in the forest, where he had come to collect fruits.
Ayato comforted him and offered him the bread that his wife had packed for him. As the child ate hungrily, Ayato told him that he would get him home and he would soon be with his parents. Cheered up, the boy smiled and hugged Ayato.
Immediately, there was a thunder clapping. To his amazement, Ayato saw the boy disappear and in his place, stood a tall old man with white hair and a flowing white beard. “I am the Spirit of the Lake,” he said, “And the child was me in disguise. I am impressed by your goodness and kindness. As a reward, I am giving you a magic conch. Blow it only when you are in trouble and it will take care of everything. And remember not to misuse it.”
Saying so, the Spirit gave Ayato a conch that had all the colours of the rainbow. As Ayato bowed low in gratitude, the old man vanished into thin air. Soon, Ayato resumed his journey and reached his destination. Having done a good business, he earned a lump sum amount of money. However, when he set off for home, it was late afternoon, and when he was travelling through the forest, it grew dark.
Soon, a group of thieves attacked Ayato and asked him to hand over all his valuables. Scared, Ayato did as he was told. The thieves grinned in glee when they saw the big booty that they got. Having robbed him of all his money, they let Ayato go. Ayato however, had the magic conch in his pocket, and no sooner than he was let free, he remembered the words of the Spirit of the Lake. “I am doomed,” he thought, “As all the money that I have earned has been taken away from me. Now is the time for me to blow the conch. Let me see what magic it does.”
Taking out the rainbow-hued conch, Ayato blew it. Once. Twice. Thrice. Now, the robbers were only a little distance away and Ayato could hear their laughter. However, with the blowing of the conch, their laughter stopped and there was silence. Curious, Ayato, ran in the direction of the robbers, blowing the conch from time to time. When he came to the thieves, he found them fast asleep with Ayato’s bundle of cash lying next to them. He realized that the peals of the conch put its hearers to sleep and hence, the thieves had dozed off all of a sudden.
Ayato quickly collected his money and made his way out of the forest. When he reached home, it was quite late into the night.
Asao soon came to know that his brother had been blessed with good fortune while doing business in the other town. He was very jealous and wanted to get equally rich, if not more. So he and his wife invited Ayato and his wife to dinner one night, and Asao asked his brother about where had gone and how he had conducted business, in order to follow the same path himself. Helpful by nature, Ayato gave Asao the business details and then, told him about the Spirit of the Lake and the magic conch. “Had it not been for the Spirit’s gift, the conch, I would have lost all my money and returned home empty-handed,” he replied.
A few days later, Asao set out for business like his brother. Soon, he came to the lake in the forest. Now, Asao was on the lookout for a crying child whom he would help and in return, get a reward from the Spirit of the Lake. However, it so happened that this time, the Spirit assumed the guise of a poor old woman carrying two pails of water. “Ooh!” signed the old woman, “These buckets are so heavy! If only I were younger, it would not be such trouble.” But in spite of seeing her pitiable plight, Asao did not come to help her. “Pooh! Why should I carry the buckets for her?” he thought, “She will not be able to give me anything. I will only help a crying child as I know it will be the Spirit of the Lake.” So he stood there even as the old woman grunted in pain.
At last, there was a clapping of thunder and the Spirit of the Lake appeared in his true form. “You are a very mean person!” he boomed, “You did not come forth to help a poor woman. Such a selfish man! You will not prosper in whatever that you are on your way to do.” And while a disappointed Asao stared, the Spirit disappeared. Just as the Spirit had predicted, Asao was not able to fare well in business. In fact, he lost a lot of money. He returned home angry, with lesser money than he had left with.
However, instead of repenting for his selfish act in the forest and trying to be a good person, Asao kept wondering about how he could get rich. He was so greedy that he was ready to go to any length to get money. Asao remembered the powers of the magic conch and hit upon a plan. One night, when Ayato and his wife were sound asleep, Asao stealthily stole the rainbow-coloured conch from their house. That same night, he broke into the King’s palace and entered the room containing the royal treasury. When the alarm was raised and the guards came running, Asao began blowing the magic conch, intending to lull them to sleep.
But none of the guards fell asleep! On the other hand, the sound of the conch helped them to easily locate Asao and nab him. Actually, the conch could only work its magic if it was used for a good purpose, as the Spirit had told Ayato. As Asao had misused it, it had worked just like an ordinary conch and had not put any of its hearers to sleep. Therefore, Asao ended up in prison for his greed.
Per te bere dallimet midis ketyre dy foljeve edhe perdorimeve te tyre shikoni me kujdes mesimin e meposhtem.
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REMEMBER AND FORGET
These two verbs have different meanings depending on whether they are followed by a GERUND or an INFINITIVE. Even very advanced English learners sometimes make mistakes with these verbs!
Take a look at these examples with the verb FORGET:
1. I forgot postingthe birthday card to my mother so I was surprised when she called me to say thank you.
2. I forgotto post the birthday card to my mother so I apologised on the telephone when I called to wish her Happy Birthday.
In sentence 1, with FORGOT + GERUND, the actions happened in this order: First, I posted the birthday card but then second, I forgot that I had done it. So my mother received the card because I had posted it.
In sentence 2, with FORGOT + INFINITIVE the actions happened in this order: First, I forgot and second, I did not post the birthday card. So mother did not receive it on her birthday.
The verb REMEMBER has the same grammar, as you can see here:
3. I remember telling him about the meeting, so I am surprised that he did not attend.
4. I’m glad I remembered to tell him about the meeting because it was important for him to attend.
In sentence 3, with REMEMBER + GERUND, it happened in this order: First, I told him about the meeting and then second, I remembered that I had done it.
In sentence 4, with REMEMBER + INFINITIVE, the order was as follows: First I remembered and second, I told him about the meeting.
So this is the grammar rule:
REMEMBER/FORGET + GERUND means THE GERUND ACTION HAPPENS FIRST.
REMEMBER/FORGET + INFINITIVE means THE INFINTIVE ACTION HAPPENS SECOND.
Now let’s check your understanding of this grammar point. Can you decide which form of the verb in brackets (…) goes in each of these sentences?
5. I forgot (lock) the front door of my house, so it was easy for the burglars to enter.
6. Did you remember (turn off) the lights when you left the house this morning?
7. I forget (meet) him at your party so you will have to introduce us again.
8. I remember (play) in the garden a lot when I was a child.
Hope and wish you are enjoying the best of your time with your leaning of English.
I would like you to read and learn a few things about American history. In the following days I would like to share with you some certain easy stories.
Enjoy reading.
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Early American History
Introduction
Image America without big towns or cities without cars, trucks or buses without movies, radios or T.V. Imagine America as a land full of woods and wild animals. Imagine small groups of people living here and there-hunting , fishing, gathering seeds, growing food, and making everything else they needed. This was the America of long, long ago. This was the land of the Indians. About 500 years ago, new people began to come to the land of the Indians. They came on sailing ships from far across the sea.
About 500 years ago , India and China were the richest countries in the world. They were rich in gold , silk and spices . The kings and queens of many countries had their eyes on the those riches . They sent traders to buy things from India and China . The traders had to cross high mountains and deserts . Many were robbed and killed along the way.
The kings and queens hired explorers to look for ways to get to India and China by boat. One of these explorers was in Italian sailor named Christopher Columbus. He told the Queen of Spain that her traders could sail west across the ocean instead of going east across the land to get to India . He believed that to earth was round and that India was on the other side of the ocean from Spain.
The Queen decided to give him the money for the journey. With the money , he bought three ships the Nina , the Pinta and the Santa Maria . After thirty – six days at sea , the sailors saw land. After they rowed ashore, the people who lived there cane to greet called the people Indians . We still call those people Indians today.
The land Columbus found on October 12, 1492 was not India. It was an island off the place we now call America . India was still very far away . When the queen of Spain learned that Columbus had found a new land , she and other kings and queens from the Old World sent explorers to the new World in search of gold . Balboa and Colorado were two other explorers sent by the queen of Spain Neither of then found any gold.
People eventually became interested in the new World as a place to live. Explorers started looking for places that very good for farming and hunting . Father Marquette was a French explorer who traveled down the Mississippi River . He wanted to find good places for French to come to live . He made maps of the long river which were very helpful to people who later came to live along the Mississippi River.
When the explorers returned home , they told exciting stories about life in the New World . They told people about the rich forests , animals , wild plants , and the fish in the many lakes and rivers. They told then how helpful and friendly the Indians were and how they grey vegetables that were never seen in the Old World – such as corn , potatoes and tomatoes .
Many people in the Old World were having a hard time making a living. They decided to go to the New World to hunt or farm. Other people in the Old World could not have their own church and pray the way they wanted to. They decided to go to the New World , too. Some people just wanted to get rich and went there in search of the gold that no one else had found . At first , most of the settlers came from England and Spain. They later came from France , Holland and other countries.
Captain John Smith and his men came from England . They named their town Jamestown , after Kings James of England. They hoped to find gold and an easy life , but there was no gold. There was little food and the first winter was very hard . Smith went to the Indians for help. They gave him food, but their chief became angry with Smith. He wanted to kill Smith , but the chiefs daughter, Pocahontas ,told her father to let the man live. Smith sent some men to live with the Indians so that they could learn how to grow corn and other vegetables . The men protested and did not want to be farmers . Smith told them to farm or starve . Soon all the men were working . The Indians showed the settlers how to grow tobacco. It grew very well there . The settlers starting selling shiploads of tobacco the people back in England. The settlers needed more workers and bought slaves from Africa to do the work.
The planters became rich and built big houses . They filled then with beautiful things from England and other Old World countries. These rich settlers started a new government. Instead of having one person rule like a king or queen , they chose a group of people to rule . Other English people came and set up other towns near Jamestown. Later on, all the towns formed one big colony called Virginia. A colony is a group of people who settle in a new land, but keep their ties with the country they came from.
Try to write a short essay:" Mind is like a parachute. It works only when it is open."
Give your answer, accept or not. Write an introduction. Give one or two supporting ideas. Finally give your conclusion.
No more than 125 words.
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paf16.02.2015
Provoni te zgjidhni ushtrimet e meposhteme ne fletoren tuaj.
Gammar,vocabulary and natural English
test 30 minutes
1 grammar - ing form and infinitive
Complete the text using the verbs in brackets in the –ing form and infinitive
I’m really looking forward to visiting (visit) my friends.
1 (run) is very good for your heart.
2 I loathe (be) late for work.
3 (stay) at home is the only thing to do in winter.
4 Instead of (do) my homework,I watched a video.
5 Will you remember(close) the door when you go out?
6 I can’t get used to(be) without him.
7 I regret(inform) you that your application has been unsuccessful.
8 I stopped(have) piano lessons months ago.
9 I meant(invite) him to the party, but I forgot all about it .
10 It’s not worth(finish) the test. I can’t rememeber a thing.
5
2 grammar wishes and regrets
Review the sentences using wish/regret and the correct form of the verb.
I haven’t got her phone number.
I wish I had her phone number.
1 I didn’t study hard at school.
I wish .
2 I can’t speak French.
I wish .
3 I’m sorry that I gave up the guitar
I regret .
4 Unfortunately I’m going out later.
I wish .
5 You’re not my boyfriend.
I wish .
5
3 grammar -ing forms
Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective or preposition.
We won the watch by scoring in the last five minutes.
1 leaving the exam room, I always check my answers carefully.
2 He’s never been interesteddrawing.
3 finishing our meal, we did the wishing up.
4 It’s nositting there. He isn’t going to come.
5 I’m looking forwardstarting my new course.
5
4 wordbooster sporting collocations,collocation in dictionaries
Complete the sentences with the nouns in the box. There is one more word than you need.
the match for a run your technique weightlifting the gist table tennis an aerobics club
a prize magazines three new words poetry a padge
I like going for a run early in the morning.
1 I tend to flick throught .I never actually read them.
2 When I was young we used to learnby heart.
3 Why don’t you join?
4 We lost3-0 .
5 I try to look up a day.
6 She won for writing the best short story.
7 You need to practice,or you’ll never be a footballer.
8 He does five time a week.
9 I never skip when I read a novel.
10 I got of the text, which was enough to answer the question.
10
5 vocabulary learning
Complete the sentences with the correct word
Alison doesn’t find learning French easy,but she always has go.
1 Charlie finds learning French difficult and he sometimes discouraged.
2 Jack tires to speak French all the time,but he can’tit up for long.
3 Amy has difficulties ,but is always willing toit a try.
4 Matthew everything up very easily
5 Sarah isslow progress , but she is trying very hard.
5
6 natural English
Match the sentences with the responses.
a Do you do any sport?
1 I didn’t know you spoke German
2 I want to get something memorable for her birthday
3 I’ve lost my house keys again.
4 When I was five , I got lost in a supermarket.
5 I don’t do any sport at all.
6 I found the grammar quite tricky.
7 What did you think of the fitness test?
8 I’ve joined a Pilates class.
9 Can you speak any languages?
10 I wish I could speak Russian.
a I don’t a bit of wight lifting.
b Well , it’s a bit rusty.
c Yeah , that happened to me too.
d Well, that sounds very unhealthy.
e What sort of thing?
f I was hopeless at balancing on one leg.
g Really? I thought it was easy.
h For goodness sake . You’re useless.
I I can get by in Italian.
j Why don’t you join an evening class?
k I’ve never heard of that. What does it involve?
10
EXAM FOCUS
OPEN CLOSE
Read the text and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0)
A NEW HOBBY
When I was younger, I didn’t use to get (0) much exercise . For a long time I regretted
not (1) much sport,but recently, I decided things needed to change. I saw a marathon on tv and made up my mind that was what I wanted to do. I started slowly because I felt needed
to (2) used to thing gradually. I went (3) in the local pool and started going to a gym. I then(4) a group of runners. We met each week and we had an excellent coach who gave us guidance and training tips. At first I (5) the training quite hard and I nearly gave up because I thought that everyone was better then me . However ,I decided to persevere (6) it and I’m really glad I did. I realized that is I wanted to take (7) in such a big race ,I had to be willing to try.I now(8) running twice a day as well as going to the gym and I run marathons regularly. To tell the truth , I (9 ) I’d run a marathon years ago. I’r certainly advise anybody to give it (10) I’ts amazing how good it can make you feel.
10
50
Total
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paf12.02.2015
In this message our focus should be on dynamic verbs vs. stative verbs.
Here is a quick reminder:
Dynamic = moving or changing.
Dynamic verbs are verbs that describe an action, not a state.
Correct: The trip didn't include a visit to the beach.
Incorrect: The trip wasn't including a visit to the beach.
Correct: They will remember us.
Incorrect: They will be remembering us.
Correct: Will it surprise you?
Incorrect: Will it be surprising you?
Correct: This will probably weigh a lot.
Incorrect: This will probably be weighing a lot.
As you must know, words usually have more than a single meaning.
Likewise, some verbs have both stative and dynamic meanings.
For example, the verb "have" is such a verb.
It has many different meanings (you can learn about them in the English Helping Verbs Course). One of these meanings is "to own." This is a stative meaning, since it describes a state, and not an actual action.
Examples:
"I have two cats."
"You have a new laptop."
"We have too many problems."
Another meaning of the verb "have" is "to drink, eat, or smoke something."
Examples:
"They had a drink at the bar."
"We have lunch every day at noon."
"I will have a cigarette or two."
I think you can agree with me that this meaning is fully dynamic.
Drinking, eating and smoking are definitely actions and not states.
So in such a case, "have" can be used in the progressive tenses, too.
Correct: We never have breakfast. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: We are having lunch right now. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: We have a house. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: We are having a house. (stative meaning)
Correct: Jenifer tastes wine for a living. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: Jenifer is tasting some wine right now. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: This wine tastes awful. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: This wine is tasting awful. (stative meaning)
Correct: I always think too much. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: I am thinking about your offer. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: I think you are right. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: I am thinking you are right. (stative meaning)
Here are some verbs with both dynamic and stative meanings:
Be, have, see, smell, taste, think, expect, feel.
Example sentences (stative and then dynamic):
He is (has the identity of) a boy /
He is being (behaving) naughty.
I can see (notice with eyes) you now /
I am seeing (dating) a doctor.
He can't smell (notice the smell) from birth /
Your puppy is always smelling (trying to get the smell of) me.
This cake tastes (has a taste) great /
We are just tasting (checking the taste of) the cake.
They think (have opinion) this is wrong /
They are thinking (considering) what to do.
I don't expect (think it will happen) a raise /
We were not expecting (waiting for) any guests.
She feels (has a feeling) depressed /
She is feeling (touching) the texture of the fabric.
e.g., I am playing, you are playing, she/he/it is playing, we are playing, they are playing
Simple Past or Past Simple
e.g., I played, you played, he/she/it played, we played, they played
Past Progressive, Past Continuous, Simple Past Progressive or Simple Past Continuous
e.g., I was playing, you were playing, she/he/it was playing, we were playing, they were playing
Present Perfect or Simple Present Perfect
e.g., I have played, you have played, he/she/it has played, we have played, they have played
Present Perfect Progressive or Present Perfect Continuous
e.g., I have been playing, you have been playing, he/she/it has been playing, we have been playing, they have been playing
Past Perfect or Simple Past Perfect
e.g., I had played, you had played, he/she/it had played, we had played, they had played
Past Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Continuous
e.g., I had been playing, you had been playing, he/she/it had been playing, we had been playing, they had been playing
Simple Future or Future Simple
e.g., I will play, you will play, he/she/it will play, they will play, we will play or I am going to play, you are going to play, he/she/it is going to play, we are going to play, they are going to play
Diskutimi per kohet e gjuhes angleze eshte shume i gjere. Nuk besoj se eshte veshtire te kerkosh e te kuptosh me shume per to.
Shikoni tabelen e meposhteme. Ju eshte paraqitur nje folje e zakonshme e gjuhes angleze.
Te kerkohesh kohe te tjera edhe disa do te mundesh ti gjesh. Por gjithmone kjo do te ngelet pjese e diskutime edhe une thjesht ju keshilloj mos shkoni me tej se kaq duke futur ketu edhe kuriozitetin tuaj.
Tabela qe kemi vendosur me poshte, eshte shume e plote edhe e mjaftueshme per te shprehur mendime nga me te ndryshmet e te besueshme per te gjitha veprimet tuaja te mundeshme.
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Follow your actions as following:
1. Present Simple - I read 2. Present Continuous - I am reading 3. Present Perfect - I have read 4. Present Perfect Continuous - I have been reading 5. Past Simple - I read 6. Past Continuous - I was reading 7. Past Perfect - I had read 8. Past Perfect Continuous - I had been reading 9. Future Simple-I will read (including "be going to + infinitive" form) I am going to read 10. Future Continuous - I will be reading 11. Future Perfect - I will have read 12. Future Perfect Continuous - I will have been reading 13. Future Simple in the past - I would read (including the "was/were going to + infinitive" form) 14. Future Continuous in the past - I would be reading 15. Future Perfect in the past - I would have read 16. Future Perfect Continuous in the past - I would have been reading
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first two exercises of the second level, don't start this one. Go back to exercises # 1,2,3,4 and 5, of the first level then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first exercise of the second level. don't start level 2.1. Go back to exercise # 1, then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first five exercises don't start level 2. Go back to exercises # 1,2,3,4 and 5, then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first four exercises don't start the fifth. Go back to exercises # 1,2,3 and 4, then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first three exercises don't start the fourth. Go back to exercises # 1,2 and 3, then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first two exercises don't start the third. Go back to exercises # 1 and 2, then click on the following.
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. If you haven't finished the first exercise don't start the second. Go back to exercise # 1 then click on the second as following.
Read the following quotation and try to explain it using your won way of thinking. Do you agree or disagree with it? Provide certain examples if you can.
A. conditional B. perfect C. continuous D. infinitive
2. Which of these are not the names of the English verb forms?
A. simple past
B. present progressive
C. future perfect D. perfect present E. simple progressive F. past perfect G. future past 3. Choose the correct name for each verb form. ( You won't need to use all of them.)
Ne ushtrimin e dites se sotme do te kini mundesine te jepni zgjidhjen tuaj se cila eshte alternativa me e mire ose pse jo se cilat jane alternativat e mundeshme edhe te sakta te ushtrimit te meposhtem.
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Exercise 4
Which expression(s) can complete the sentence correctly?
Ne faqen e meposhteme do te gjeni nje loje e cila ju detyron te ndermerrni persiper nje mision per te deshifruar nje fjali te rendesishme. Per te kuptuar lojen ju duhet te lexoni me kujdes udhezuesin e saj. Me gjithate ne thelb loja bazohet ne zevendesimin e nje shkronje me nje shkronje tjeter. Provoni te gjeni disa fjale te mundeshme edhe keshtu ndoshta te gjithe mesazhin.
Per nje te mesuar sa me te efektshem te gjuhes angleze, eshte shume e dobishme qe seicili prej nesh te mundesoje te lexoje edhe te degjoje tekste apo tregime te ndryshme te lexuara nga foles amtare te gjuhes angleze. Ju mund ta arrini kete objektiv duke ndjekur radio te tilla si BBC apo tregime te regjistruara si ky i meposhtemi.
Provoni ta degjoni edhe ridegjoni sa here te kini mundesi.
Mbas dy ushtrimeve praktike te diteve te fundit, sot do te gjeni mundesine te jepni nje pergjigje per ushtrimin e meposhtem. Ne gjuhen angleze ka disa folje te cilat preferojne te shoqerohen gjithmone nga nje emer foljor ( gerund ), sikunderse gjendet edhe disa folje te tjera te cilat preferojne te shoqerohen nga nje pjesore ( infinitive ).
Provoni te jepni zgjidhjen tuaj, persa me poshte vijon ushtrimi.
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-ing forms and past participles
Which of these verbs can be followed by an -ing form?
Pergjigja e sakte e ushtrimit te dates 2.10.2014 te dhene ne faqen tuaj eshte:
2. B
Nese ne gjuhen angleze, ne nje fjali te caktuar, do te gjeni fjalen since, atehere perdorimi i kohes present perfect ose past perfect do te ishte nje zgjidhje pergjithesisht e drejte.
Por kete ndajfolje kohe e gjejme te perdorur edhe ne kohe te tjera te gjuhes te perdorur si me poshte:
since: tenses
main clause: I have known her since...
In sentences with since ( referring to time), we normally use present perfect and past perfect tenses in the main clause.
I have known her since 1984. ( NOT I know her since ...
I haven't seen Bill since 2003.
However, present and past tenses are also occasionally found, especially in sentences about changes.
You are looking much better since your operation
She doesn't come round to see us since her marriage.
Since last Sunday I can't stop thinking about you.
Things weren't going so well since Father's illness.
A e dni se pergjigjet e sakta per zgjidhje te drejta ne alternativat e meposhteme ju mundesojne te kuptoni gjithnje e me mire dallimet midis koheve te foljeve ne gjuhen angleze?
Provoni te merrni pjese ne keto zgjidhje. Nje mendim i gabuar ju con drejt mesimit me te thelluar e me te sakte te gjuhes.
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past and perfect verbs
2. Which of these is/are right:A,B or both ?
A. My friends helped me a lot since I lost my job.
B. My friendshave helped me a lot since I lost my job.
P. S. Try to make your choice. I'll show the answer later.
Ne qofte se do te rishikoni ushtrimin e dates 29 shtator 2014, do te gjeni se cila ka qene zgjedhja e vertete edhe arsyeja se perse duhej bere ajo zgjedhje.
Sa here qe nje ngjarje percaktohet si e perhershme apo ndodh vazhdimisht ne periudha te caktuara kohore, apo qe perseritet me nje ritual te caktuar, atehere koha e duhur duhet te jete simple present tense.
We often use the simple present to talk about permanent situations or about things that happen regularly, repeatedly or all the time.
Today I have a lesson for you on Socializing or Socialising. That is one of those words which American and British speakers often write differently, with either a Z or an S.
Ne faqen e meposhteme do te gjeni nje numur shume te madh ushtrimesh.
Provoni ushtrimin e linkut te meposhtem edhe me vone mund ti referoheni per te gjetur ushtrime te tjera ku ju ndjeheni se keni nevoje te permiresoni dicka.
I hope this evening is a little bit different from all those ones passed through the last three months. Such feelings seldom come into one's life. I think excitement is what is on the way for all those who go to school tomorrow.
Having the feeling that you are doing something, is a great movement. Actually you are.
Good luck with the new season. Enjoy these days because they run fast.
As your school is coming close, it will be good if you keep into your mind's eyes some certain rules which will help you succeed. Among other things it is good to take advantage of all pretest material you teacher makes available.
Never miss or cut your classes without any good reason. Attend any available review sessions even if you feel you don't really need it.
Plan your week before it starts to be sure you have plenty of time to study.
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Following you will find a page which will help review some knowledge gained times ago.
Read the following story and try to retell it when we see each other again.
fm
The three big sillies
Once upon a time there were a farmer and his wife who had one daughter. A young man was courting the daughter, and he often came to have supper with the family. One evening the young man came for supper , and the daughter went down into the cellar to bring up some eggs. While she was in the cellar she happened to notice an axe stuck in one of the beams. It must have been there a long time but she had never noticed it and it set her to thinking: Suppose my young man and I were married and had a son and he grew up to be a man and come down in the cellar and the axe fell on his head, and killed him, what a dreadful thing that would be. So she set down her candle and basket ans set herself down and started to cry. Soon her mother began to wonder why she did not bring the eggs, so she went looking for her. Why are you crying, daughter, she asked when she found the girl. The daughter pointed to the axe in the beam and sobbed.: Suppose my young man and I were married and had a son and he grew up to be a man and come down in the cellar and the axe fell on his head and killed him! Dear, dear, what a dreadful thing that would be, the mother agreed, and she sat down beside her daughter and began crying too. After a while the father began to get hungry for his supper, so he went down to see what had become of his wife and daughter. What ever you are crying for? He saked when he found them. Suppose daughter and her young man were married and had a son and he grew up to be a man and came down in the cellar and the axe fell on his head and killed him, said his wife. Dear, dear, that would be dreadful, said the father, and sat down beside the others and started to cry, too. The daughter’s young man, left all alone upstairs , got tired of that at last, so he went down in the cellar, too, to see what the others were doing. What ever is the matter? He asked, when he saw the three of them sitting there. Weeping. Suppose you and daughter were married and had a son and he grew up to be a man and come down in the cellar and the axe fell on his head and killed him, said the father. And all three began to cry louder than ever. At that the young man burst out laughing. He just reached up and pulled down the axe, and that was that. I’ve traveled many a mile, he said, but never have I met three such big sillies as you. Now I’m going off on my travels again, and if I meet three bigger sillies than you three, than I’ll come back and marry your daughter. So he said good-by and started off on his travels, and then the farmer and his wife and daughter sat and cried some more because the daughter had lost her young man. The young man on his travels soon came to a little cottage with grass growing from the thatched roof. The old woman who lived there was trying to make her cow climb a ladder up to the roof, but the cow would not go. This was a surprising thing to see, so the young man asked the old woman what she was doing. Why, just see all that beautiful grass on the roof, she said. I want my cow to climb up so she can eat it. She would be neck and put it down the chimney and tie the other end around my wrist so she couldn’t fall off without my knowing it. You big silly, said the young man. Why don’t you cut the grass and throw it down to her? But the old woman was determined to do it her way, so she coaxed and pushed until she got the cow up the ladder. Then she tied a string around the cow’s neck and tied the other end of the string around her wrist as she went about the house. The young man shook his head and went on his travels. But before he had gone far the cow fell off the roof and hung halfway to the ground with the sting around his neck. And the cow’s weight pulled the old woman half-way up the chimney, and there she stuck in all the soot. So that was one big silly. That night the young man stopped at an inn. Since it was crowded, he was given a bed in a double room. The man who had the other bed was a jolly fellow , and they spent a pleasant evening together. But next morning the young man had a surprise. For the jolly fellow hung his trousers from the knobs on the chest of drawers and ran across the room and tired to jump into them. he tried and tried and tried until he was all red and puffing, but he could not make it. Oh, dear, he said at last, I do think trousers are the most awkwardest things to wear. How ever do you get into yours? The young man showed him, and the jolly fellow was so pleased, for he said he never would have thought of that system So that was another big silly.
The young man went on his travels, and soon he came to a pond outside a little village, where all the villagers were gathered around raking at the water with pitchforks and brooms and rakes. What ever are you doing? The young man asked. The moon has fallen into the pond, they cried. We’re trying to rake it out. Why, you big sillies, said the young man. The moon is still in the sky. That is only a reflection in the pond. But the villagers would not believe him so the young man turned away. And that was a lot more sillies-many more than three. So the young man went back and married the farmer’s daughter. And they lived happily ever after, I expect.
Read and translate the following story into your language.
fm
The Foolish Milkmade
One day a
milkmade was walking along, carrying a jar of milk on her head. As she went
she thought:
With the money I
earn from selling this milk I shall buy
some eggs. Then I shall have three hundred eggs. From those I should get at least two hundred and fifty baby chicks. When the chickens are old enough
I shall sell them in the market and with the money they bring I shall buy a new dress. It will be, let’s see. I think blue is my most becoming color, so it
will be blue.. I’ll wear my new
dress to the fair and I shall
look so beautiful that all the
young men will be begging for a dance with me. But I shall
just toss my head and walk away. As she thought about it , she tossed her head
proudly and down in the dust rolled the jar from her head, spilling milk
all around. And away flew all her fine dreams. It never pays to count your chickens before they are
hatched.
Ushtrimet ne linkun e meposhtem do tju krijojne mundesine e nje perseritje te plote te te gjitha mesimeve qe kemi bere bashke e me gjere. Ato i perkasin periudhes midis dates 12 maj deri ne fund te muajit. Shikojini me kujdes. Nese do te kini pyetje te ndryshme i diskutojme bashke ne fund te muajit. fm
God save our gracious Queen!
Long live our noble Queen!
God save the Queen!
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us,
God save the Queen.
Thy choicest gifts in store
On her be pleased to pour,
Long may she reign.
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause,
To sing with heart and voice,
God save the Queen.
paf10.04.2014 U bene disa episode qe kini ndjekur. Shpresoj te kini gjetur momente te mira per te kaluar nje pjese te dites duke qeshur. Ju lutem shprehni mendimin tuaj ne nje paragraf prej 80-100 fjalesh per te gjithe episodet se bashku. I diskutojme keto mendime ne diten tuaj te mesimit. fm http://www.agendaweb.org/videos/comedy/01-episode07-the-cheating-game.html ========================================================== paf09.04.2014 Ju uroj nje mbasdite te kendeshme nen sekuencat e kesaj video. fm http://www.agendaweb.org/videos/comedy/01-episode06-come-back-all-is-forgiven.html ========================================================== paf08.04.2014 http://www.agendaweb.org/videos/comedy/01-episode05-the-best-things-in-life.html =========================================================== paf07.04.2014 Per episodin e katert qe vijon sot, jeni te lutur te ndiqni te njejten detyre si ne diten e djeshme. fm http://www.agendaweb.org/videos/comedy/01-episode04-all-through-the-night.html
================================================================== paf28.03.2014 Complete the following sentences. fm http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/passive/exercise3.swf
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paf27.03.2014
Decide whether you need the definite article 'the' or not in the following exercise.
Following you will find a kind of sentence which is typical for English. In the first part you will see my own try to explain it to you.
Just after that, you will see a real original version to help you better understand the meaning of the word "complement." Enjoy your lesson.
The complement can be an adjective (e.g. heavy) or a noun phrase (e.g. a big problem). The complement often comes after be. It can also come after appear, become, get, feel, look, seem, stay or sound.
Per ta patur te qarte se cfare eshte termi "complement", do te ishte me mire te kuptonim se ai vjen menjehere mbas nje forme te foljes 'be'; dmth mund te vije mbas foljes, am is, are, was, were, been, be, being. Ai mund te jete:
a) mbiemer
b) emer
c) grup emeror.
Gjithashtu ai mund te vije edhe mbas foljesh te tilla si: appear, become,get,feel,look,seem, stay, ose sound. Keto folje quhen ndryshe = link verbs. Per keto folje ju mund te shikoni edhe nje mesim te cilin e kemi kaluar disa ore me pare ne keto faqe.
Complements?
"Linking verbs link the subject to a subject complement, a word or word group that completes the meaning of the subject by renaming or describing it. If the subject complement renames the subject, it is a noun or noun equivalent (sometimes call a predicate noun).
[Example:] The handwriting on the wall [s] may be [v] a forgery [sc].
If the subject complement describes the subject, it is an adjective or adjective equivalent (sometimes called a predicate adjective).
[Example:] Love [s] is [v] blind [sc]." (Hacker, A Writer's Reference 814).
"When a pronoun is used as a subject complement (a word following a linking verb), your ear may mislead you, since the incorrect form is frequently heard in casual speech. . . .
[Example:] During the Lindbergh trial, Bruno Hauptmann repeatedly denied that the kidnapper was he [not him].
If kidnapper was he seems too stilted, rewrite the sentence: During the Lindbergh trial, Bruno Hauptmann repeatedly denied that he was the kidnapper."(Hacker, The Bedford Handbook 287).
We often have problems with the English tenses. Please, have a look at the time line, it might help you understand when to use which tense ( only the ones you know so far ).
As there is a similarity between past, present and future tenses, there are just a few rules to keep in mind.
If you know how to use the present progressive correctly to express present actions, you will as well be able to use the past progressive correctly to express past actions.
Try to understand this legend:
Legend
moment in time
action that takes place once, never or several times
actions that happen one after another
actions that suddenly take place
period of time
action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond that moment
actions taking place at the same time
Result
action taking place before a certain moment in time
puts emphasis on the result
Course / Duration
action taking place before a certain moment in time
puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action
======================================================================== paf24.02.2014 Vendosni keta mbiemra ne vendin e duhur. fm http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/worldservice/quiznet/quizengine
Si amatore te mesimit te gjuhes angleze, shpesh na qellon qe te ndodhemi perpara fjalesh te cilat nuk mund ti kuptojme lehte. Me shpesh akoma nese mundohemi ti kuptojme duke i perkthyer si bashkesi e caktuar fjalesh atehere edhe mund te gabojme. Keto shprehje ose njesi idiomatike gjuhesore kerkojne qe ti kuptosh duke i pare me syrin e nje folesi autokton.
Me poshte, le te rendisin se bashku per kete jave pune, 10 shprehjet me te perdoreshme te gjuhes angleze shoqeruar edhe me mundesine per ti kuptuar ato ne situata konkrete perdorimi.
Ju uroj te gjitheve nje fund jave te bukur.
fm
1. Piece of cake – Nese do t'ju bjere rasti te degjoni dike te thote se detyra qe ai kishte perfunduar, apo testi s'ishte gje tjeter vecse ' a piece of cake' kjo do te thote se:" detyra apo testi ishte dicka shume e lehte per tu plotesuar.
2. Costs an arm and a leg – Kur dicka koston:' an arm and a leg ", mendoj se sdo ta kini te veshtire te kuptoni se per ta blere ate ju duhet te paguani pikerisht kaq shtrenjte me dy pjese jetike te trupit, pra me fjale te tjera i bie te paguash shume shtrenjte= to pay a lot of money for something.
3. Break a leg – ta gjesh veten para nje shprehje te tille e te mundohesh ta gjesh kuptimin e saj duke u munduar te perkthesh pjeset perberese te kesaj shprehje atehere me siguri do te jemi para nje situate ku jemi ngaterruar e fillojme te mendojme keq. Nese jemi para nje provimi a testimi edhe ne telefonin tone na vjen pikerisht nje mesazh i tille:'Break a leg'. Miku yne i cili na ka derguar kete mesazh te jeni te sigurte se nuk do te deshironte kurre qe ju te kuptonit pikerisht ate mendim te cilin kjo shpreje do ta jepte nese do te ishim munduar ta perkthenim pjese pjese, apo fjale fjale. Aktualisht nje shprehjee tille do te thote:'Good luck!". Break a leg actually means good luck!
4. Hit the books – Nese do t'ju bjere rasti te jeni student ne nje mabient ku flitet gjuha angleze atehere patjeter qe ne nje moment te caktuar do ta degjoni kete shprehje shpesh here. Para se te mendoni cdo lloj kutpimi tjeter do te ishte me mire te mbanit mend se: ' hit the books' dot te thote thjesht: ' to study'.
5. Let the cat out of the bag – Duke lexuar kete shprehje idiomatike te gjuhes angleze dikush mund edhe te drejtoje pyetjen perse dikush do ta fuste macen ne nje cante? Cfare i kish bere macja ? Ne fakt kuptimi i vertete i kesaj shprehje eshte thjesht : ' te tregosh nje sekret i cili aktualisht nuk duhet te behej i ditur, por te ruhej si i tille'
6. Hit the nail on the head – Kjo shprehje idiomatike ka te beje me nje situate te tille ne te cilen ne na duhet ti themi gjerat sic duhet ose sic edhe shprehemi ne gjuhen tone ' ti vendosim pikat mbi i'.
7. When pigs fly – A mund te mendoni se si mund te ndodhe nje gje e tille? A mund te kini pare ndonjehere nje gje te tille? une -jo! Pra nese doni te perdorni nje shprehje te tille do tju duhet te shprehni nje mendim se 'dicka nuk mund te ndodhe kurre'.
8. You can’t judge a book by its cover – Kjo shprehje idiomatike nuk mbeshtetet vetem tek librat por pergjithesisht perdoret per shume gjera te tjera ne pergjithesi. Ne thelb, ajo shpreh mendimin se nuk do te jete mire te gjykosh mbi dicka duke u nisur vetem nga pamja e jashteme.
9. Bite off more than you can chew – Vertet mund te te ndodhi qe te jesh i uritur edhe kur merr ne dore nje hamburger te kafshosh nje cape te madhe. Nese kafshata eshte e tille atehere do kesh nje problem te madh me pertypjen dhe kaperdiimin e saj e ndoshta vetja mund te te duket si idiot nderkohe qe vjen verdalle per te gjetur nje gote uje ta percjellesh me uje e mund te mbytesh. Pra, ky do te ishte kuptimi letrar. Por, ne fakt, kjo shprehje do te thote :' te perpiqesh te mbash mbi supe nje detyre e cila per ty eshte e pa pershtateshme ose e pamundur per ta menaxhuar.'
10. Scratch someone’s back – Te gjithe e dime se sa e veshtire eshte te kruash kurrizin ne nje moment te caktuar e per me teper kur dora jote nuk rrin deri atje. Nese e shikon nje person qe mundohet ta beje kete gje, a do te mendoje ta ndihmoje ta kishte me te lehte punen e vet? Ndoshta e ben sepse mendon se edhe ty do te te duhet qe dikush te beje te njejten gje kur te kesh te njejten nevoje. Pra, kuptimi i vertete i kesaj shprehje eshte:' te ndihmosh dike gjithmone me paramendimin se do te vije nje moment qe kjo ndihme te te kthehet ty ne te arthmen.'
Me poshte seicili prej jush mund ta ndjeke kete mesim pa patur nevojen e gjuhes shqipe.
Just enjoy it.
fm
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As a non-native speaker of English, the best way to understand idioms is to memorize their meanings from the standpoint of a native speaker. We’ve listed the 10 most common idioms in English and their actual meanings.
1. Piece of cake – No, when someone says that the assignment they just finished was a piece of cake, it does not mean that their professor gave them a red velvet cupcake for their midterm paper, what piece of cake actually means is that something is very easy to complete.
2. Costs an arm and a leg – It would be a strange world we lived in if buying that fancy shiny purse literally required us to chop off our body parts to give as tribute to the Louis Vuitton gods. When something costs an arm and a leg it actually means that something is very expensive.
3. Break a leg – Oh, look, another idiom about legs. You’re about to take your dreaded calculus final and before you head into your classroom your roommate texts you, “Break a Leg!” Why, you think in your head, would he ever wish that upon me? I thought we were cool with each other. Well, your roommate surely doesn’t want your bones to break while walking to your seat in the exam room that’s for sure. Break a leg actually means good luck!
4. Hit the books – If you’re a student in an English speaking environment you’re probably going to be hearing this phrase a lot. Before you imagine students running into their campus library and punching, kicking and wrestling apart the complete works of Shakespeare, we would just like to say that hit the books actually means to study. There there, you can still punch books in your spare time if you want, we won’t judge you.
5. Let the cat out of the bag – Why would someone put their cat in a bag? What did the cat ever do to them? Our last idiom actually means to disclose a secret that was supposed to be kept, well, as a secret. The next time someone lets the cat out of the bag do not immediately pick up your phone and call animal cruelty control.
6. Hit the nail on the head – This idiom has to do with doing or saying something that is precisely right. If you don’t understand this, just think about that sweet feeling you get when you swing a hammer at a nail and hit it perfectly.
7. When pigs fly – So, have you ever seen a pig fly before? Never? Me neither. This idiom basically means that something will never happen, like fat little pink mammals soaring toward the sun!
8. You can’t judge a book by its cover – How many awesome books do you think you’ve never read in your life just because the cover did not catch your eye? This idiom does not only apply to books however, but can be used for everything in general. Essentially it means that you should not decide upon something based just on outward appearances.
9. Bite off more than you can chew – Imagine your waiter brings you the biggest juiciest hamburger from your favorite American restaurant. In your hunger, you grab it quickly and take a giant bite out of it. Unfortunately, the bite you’ve taken is too big, and you end up looking like an idiot trying to shove this bite down your throat while drinking water and trying not to choke. That is the most literal sense of the meaning, but in general it just means to attempt to take on a task that is too much for you to handle.
10. Scratch someone’s back – We all know how difficult it is to scratch that itch on your back that your hand just aren’t flexible enough to reach, so why would you want to scratch some random person’s smelly back? Because if you do, they may eventually be willing to scratch your own smelly back when you need it! What this idiom means is to help someone out with the assumption that they will return the favor in the future!
Degjoni me kujdes bisedat dhe provoni tju pergjigjeni pyetjeve te cilat shoqerojne bisedat per te provuar se ne cfare mase arrini te kuptoni nje ngjarje.
Provoni te luani me lojen e meposhteme edhe shikoni se cfare numur fjalesh mund te arrini te grumbulloni. Lexoni me kujdes kerkesen se si luhet ajo. Nese nuk e kuptoni dot si luhet, kerkoni ndihme tek miqte tuaj.
fm
http://gamestolearnenglish.com/concentration/
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PAF10.02.2014
Mesimi # 6
Gjate javes qe kaloi, ne ushtrimet e zhvilluara, u vu re se dy fjale te gjuhes angleze te permendura si me poshte paraqesin nje veshtiresi te caktuar. Ju lutem ndiqni me kujdes diferencat e tyre si me poshte duke shpresuar se mund tju kem dhene nje ndihmese te vogel per te bere dallimin midis ketyre dy fjaleve.
fm
Either and Neither
The English words either and neither can cause some problems for native and non-native speakers of
English.
Fjalet e gjuhes angleze either dhe neither mund te shkaktojne pak veshtiresi si per folsin autokton ashtu edhe per ne te tjeret te cilet mundohemi te mesojme dhe flasim gjuhen angleze.
Sometimes you can use either one and sometimes you have to choose either one or the other, but neither one is very difficult.
Hera heres na duhet te gjejme se cila fjale eshte e duhura ne nje kontekst te dhene per tu perdorur.
Either… Or ( Ose ... ose )
Either... or is used to offer a choice between two possibilities:
Either ...or perdoret per te ofruar nje perzgjedhje midis dy mundesive:
Shikoni fjalite si me poshte edhe beni perkthimin e tyre.
Either Mike or Lisa will be there.
Either you leave me alone or I will call the police.
We should bring either coffee or tea.
You can either help us or go to your room.
Either can also be followed by (one) of + group of two:
Either gjithashtu mund te perdoret ne nje fjali e ndjekur nga shprehja (one) of + group of two. Shikoni me kujdes fjalite qe vijojne per ta kuptuar perdorimin.
Either of us could do it
Either one of us could do it
Either of you should know
Either one of you should know
Not… either… or denies both possibilities:
Not ... either ...or i mohon keto dy mundesi:
I don’t think either Mike or Lisa will be there.
He doesn’t speak either English or French.
Not… either is used after a negative statement.
Not ... either perdoret mbas nje deklarate mohore.
I don’t speak French.
You don’t either.
He isn’t ready to go.
We aren’t either.
Neither… Nor
Neither… nor is equivalent to not… either… or.
Neither ... nor eshte e barabarte ne kuptim me perdorimin not ... either ... or.
Neither Mike nor Lisa will be there.
He speaks neither English nor French.
We brought neither coffee nor tea.
I will neither help you nor go to my room.
Neither can also be followed by (one) of + group of two:
Neither gjithashtu mund te shoqerohet nga shprehja (one) of + group of two.
Neither of them is ready.
Neither one of them is ready.
Neither of us has any money.
Neither one of us has any money.
Neither is used like not… either.
Neither perdoret njesoj si kuptimi i not ...either.
I don’t speak French.
Neither do I.
(informal): Me neither.
He isn’t ready to go.
Neither are we.
The Bottom Line
Either means one, neither means none, and not either equals neither. Or goes with either and nor goes with neither
Ne gjuhen tone fjale either nenkupton nje, kurse fjala neither nenkupton asnje. Keshtu not either
patjeter qe do te thote neither. Fjala or shoqeron fjalen either ndersa fjala nor preferon fjalen
neither.
Ne vijim kini disa ushtrime te cilat besoj se do ta lehtesojne kuptimin e ketyre mendimeve qe dhame me siper.
Read the fable and try to retell it using your judgment.
fm http://www.umass.edu/aesop/content.php?n=5&i=1
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paf06.02.2014
Degjoni me vemendje historine e meposhteme. Ju lutem shkruani te gjithe dialogun qe do te degjoni midis personazheve dhe pergatisni mundesine e ritregimit te historise se tre vellezerve.
Listen to the audio segment and try to answer the questions. If the answer will be wrong then you have to listen again to the story till you get the right answers.
Mendoj se leksioni i meposhtem mund t'ju ndihmoje per te sqaruar nje problem te vogel ne gjuhen angleze. Nese mund t'ju linde ndonje pyetje, ju lutem e sqarojme ne oren perkatese.
fm
Ne gjuhen angleze perdorimi i apostrofit + s, apo s + apostrof, shpesh sjell probleme, madje edhe per vete folesit autoktone.
Ne pjesen e meposhteme ju lutem ndiqni me kujdes disa keshilla te cilat mendoj se mund tju ndihmojne per te mesuar si te perdorini me mire kuptimet qe fshihen ne keto raste perdorimi te apostrofit. Nje perdorim i mire i apostrofit ju mundeson te jeni te sakte ne percaktimin e pronesise ( possessives ) apo te shkurtimeve ( contractions )
The apostrophe has two purposes in English: ( Perdorimi i apostrofit ka dy qellime ne gjuhen angleze)
To indicate that one or more letters was dropped in a contraction:(= Ai perdoret per te treguar se nje ose me shume shkronja mund te largohen ne nje shkurtim fjale.)it is > it's we are > we're does not > doesn't of the clock > o'clock
To indicate possession:(= Apostrofi sherben per te treguar marredhenie pronesie;kur emri eshte ne numurin njejes atehere mbas tij vendoset apostrofi edhe objekti i cili e ndjek ate pergjithesisht duhet te njihet si prone e emrit qe e shoqeron. Pronari mund te jete ne njejes e prona mund te jete ne njejes; gjithashtu pronari mund te jete ne njejes e prona te jete ne shumes sipas rastit; ) a) singular with 's Tom's book Jeannie's idea the girl's toys (toys belong to one girl) b) plural with s' (= pronari mund te jete ne shumes e prona gjithashtu mund te jete ne shumes) the books' covers my brothers' jobs the girls' toys (toys belong to several girls)
The apostrophe should never be used when you are just talking about something that is plural, with no possession.( Pergjithesisht eshte e keshillueshme qe apostrofi te mos perdoret kurre kur ju jeni duke folur per dicka ne numurin shumes dhe nuk jeni duke perdorur marredheniet e pronesise.Shikoni rastet me poshte:)
The girl's walked by > The girls walked by My brother's are tall > My brothers are tall Welcome traveler's > Welcome travelers
Mos harroni: Apostrofi ka nje natyre te dyfishte: ai sherben ose per te dhene nje shkurtim gjuhesor ose per te dhene nje marredhenie pronesie. Ai nuk sherben per te dhene nje kuptim ne numurin shumes ne asnje rast.
Just remember that the apostrophe has a purpose: to indicate a contraction or possession. It does not indicate a plural - the letter s does a fine job of that all by itself.
Read the following chapter and try to retell it using your own words.
Please make it ready for next Monday.
fm
The Lost Treasure of Persia
H. A. Jones
Chapter One
Skye Belle was just like any other twelve year old girl. Almost. Naturally she was excited that she was twelve – after all, that was so much older than being eleven. She enjoyed being outside and playing sports with her friends, especially netball. And she loved most of the other things that girls her age enjoyed doing, like playing games, helping her mum with the cooking, and playing on her iPad. There was nothing out of the ordinary in any of those things. At school Skye was just like everyone else her age too. She studied hard and did her best. In fact she often came first in all of her subjects. Not everyone can come first in their class, of course, but there’s nothing unusual about being smart. Even Skye’s family was fairly normal. She had one brother, Brandon, who was ten. Being a little bit younger than her, Brandon could be a pain sometimes. He didn’t always understand everything that Skye said and that frustrated her. Not to mention the pranks that he liked to play on her – boys could be so silly at times. But in between the occasional argument and fit of anger, they would still play and laugh together. In fact, despite their differences, they were the best of friends. Skye’s parents were always quite busy with their work but they would still make time each day to spend with Skye and her brother. Her parents were obviously pleased with how well she did at school, but they would have been proud of her even if she failed her subjects, so long as she tried her best. Skye knew that her mum and dad loved her very much. That isn’t to say that Skye’s life at home was perfect ‐ far from it. Of course there were the pranks that Brandon would play on her. But she would also get into trouble for things that could not possibly have been her fault. Like last month when she was blamed for breaking the roof tiles. How was she supposed to have broken the roof tiles? Sure she climbed up there occasionally and set up her heavy telescope to look at the stars, but that wouldn’t have broken any roof tiles. She grumbled that sometimes her parents just didn’t see things the way that she did – something that anyone her age could certainly understand. Yes, Skye was just like any other twelve year old girl. Almost. You see, unlike most other girls her age, Skye loved old things. Not just any old things, but really, really old things, and the older the better. Ancient things. Her dad was 43, so in Skye’s mind he certainly qualified as old. But what she was really interested in were things that nobody thought existed anymore, things that people thought had been lost forever. But as much as she loved researching and reading about old and forgotten things, she loved trying to find them even more. Her last adventure had been the previous summer. After reading all she could about the ark of Noah, she had decided that she would trek through the remotest parts of Turkey to find it – and she had. Now an expedition was underway to dig up the ark and restore it. Skye was certainly resourceful and she was very, very determined. She was also thankful that museums liked to pay for the things that she found; otherwise she could never afford all of the travel. Her room was cluttered with old things she’d found that she had decided to keep for a reminder rather than sell to the museums. But only small things, like a few old Roman coins or pieces of ancient Greek pottery – small things to remind her of her adventures and the things she’d been able to find. Of course there were the usual things in her room, like her yellow table and red and blue chairs, and the bookshelves that went up to the ceiling. The bookshelves though didn’t actually have any books in them but were filled with all of her toys. Her books were too important to keep in an ordinary bookshelf – they were in the study in the grand old bookshelf. It was made of oak and it smelled as old as it looked – Skye loved it. Today Skye was sitting at the dining table eating her breakfast and reading the morning’s newspaper. She was finishing off a bowl of muesli with fresh fruit and strawberry yogurt on top. Skye loved a healthy and filling breakfast; it helped give her energy and made her excited about the day. She was reading an interesting article about the discovery of some ancient coins, pottery and jewellery in the Middle East when her mum walked in. ‘Skye,’ her mum said, ‘your aunt Thelma is coming to stay with us for a couple of nights.’ ‘Oh, that’s great,’ said Skye happily. ‘Aunt Thelma is lovely.’ Skye liked her aunt. Not only did it seem that she was always smiling, but she was one of the most beautiful singers Skye had ever heard. Thinking of her aunt’s singing voice suddenly made her frown. ‘Um, but isn’t she supposed to be singing in a concert tonight?’ ‘She had to cancel for some reason,’ her mum replied. ‘She didn’t tell me why on the phone. I guess we’ll find out tonight when she arrives.’ Skye hoped her aunt was okay. She really did have the most amazing singing voice, and Skye felt sorry for the people who would miss out on her concert. Oh well, her mum was right ‐ they would find out tonight. Skye turned back to the newspaper and frowned. It always annoyed her when interesting things like this discovery of ancient artefacts was only reported on in a few lines, but then there were pages and pages filled up with stories about sport. Her dad enjoyed reading those pages but it seemed like a terrible waste to her. Later that night, while her dad was still at work, there was a knock on the door. Skye ran over to answer it. ‘Who is it?’ she asked. ‘It’s your aunt Thelma,’ the voice said from the other side of the door. Skye could barely contain her excitement at seeing her aunt again. She unlocked the door and opened it but was shocked at what she saw. Normally her aunt would have greeted her with a huge smile that would immediately make her want to smile too. But Aunt Thelma wasn’t smiling. She looked haggard. ‘Hello Skye,’ she said tiredly, trying to force a smile onto her face. ‘Hello Aunt Thelma,’ Skye replied. She felt nervous about the change in her aunt but tried not to let it show. ‘Come in. We’re very excited to see you.’ ‘Thank you,’ her aunt said, and this time she did smile ‐ but it was only a small one. Her aunt came in and Skye’s mum gave her a big hug. ‘Thelma, it’s always good to see you,’ she said. Then she looked at her sister and frowned. ‘You look so tired. Sit down.’ Aunt Thelma dropped her bags on the ground then let out a long sigh as she fell onto the couch. Skye and Brandon sat down and watched as their mum poured a cup of tea for their aunt. ‘What’s wrong?’ her mum asked. ‘I know it must be something important for you to have cancelled your concert.’ She gave Thelma the cup of tea. ‘Thank you,’ she said, and then took a sip of tea before letting out another sigh. ‘I just feel drained,’ she said finally, before the words started to pour out. ‘I feel like every time I walk on stage everyone is waiting for me to fail, to sing the wrong words or sing out of tune. I just don’t feel like I’m a very good singer anymore – or maybe that I never was in the first place.’ ‘Thelma,’ Skye’s mum said, in a tone of voice that Skye knew was about to be followed by something encouraging. ‘You know you’ve always been a great singer,’ her mum continued, ‘and you’ve always doubted yourself as well. You don’t need to doubt yourself, or the talent God has given you.’ Yep, Skye was right; she knew her mum’s tone of voice well. ‘But this is different,’ Thelma said. ‘I really don’t think I’m good any more. And I’m scared of walking out on stage.’ Their mum started at Thelma for a long moment before walking over and sitting next to her, embracing her in a big hug. Thelma leaned her head on their mum’s shoulder and tears silently started to fall down her cheek. ‘Kids,’ their mum said, turning to them, ‘do you mind giving your aunt and me some time together alone please.’ Skye and Brandon stood up. Their mum was right, and no doubt she and her aunt would be talking and crying late into the night. As they were walking out of the room, Brandon stopped and looked at Thelma. ‘Don’t worry, Aunt Thelma. You are a very good singer. You will remember that soon.’ Tears formed in Thelma’s eyes again. ‘Thank you Brandon,’ she said as she reached out and gave him a big hug. Then Skye and Brandon left them and went upstairs. Once they were in Skye’s room she began pacing, walking back and forth across the room. ‘You’re right Brandon,’ she said. ‘Thelma is a very good singer. She just needs to remember that.’ ‘Yeah,’ said Brandon, ‘she just needs her courage back again.’ Skye spun around to face him. ‘That’s it! She needs courage. Now, where’s that paper gone.’ She ran over to her table and pushed some things out of the way searching for the newspaper. ‘Ah, here it is.’ Picking up the paper she flicked through the pages until she found the one she wanted. ‘Listen to this: Professor Airbon confirmed that the relics from his archaeological discovery in Iran date to around 500 BCE.’ She stopped reading and frowned. ‘Um, I hate it when they do that,’ she grumbled. ‘Do what?’ Brandon asked. ‘When they call the year BCE rather than BC,’ Skye replied. ‘Why?’ ‘Because BC means Before Christ, and BCE means Before Common Era. It’s the same when they replace AD with CE. AD stands for Anno Domini – that is Latin and means The Year Of Our Lord. CE just stands for Common Era. People keep trying to take Jesus out of history.’ ‘Why would they want to do that? It seems silly,’ Brandon replied thoughtfully. ‘I know.’ Skye frowned again then turned back to the paper. ‘The story continues: Professor Airbon believes the relics are remains from King Xerxes’ royal palace.’ ‘Xerxes,’ Brandon said, laughing. ‘That’s a funny name.’ Skye glared at her brother with her hands on her hips. ‘King Xerxes was the most powerful man in the world at the time,’ she said in her best lecturing voice. Brandon tried to stop laughing as he saw his sister’s stern gaze. ‘It’s still a funny name,’ he mumbled. ‘Anyway,’ Sky continued, ignoring her brother’s comment, ‘what is important for us is not the king but one of his wives.’ ‘Really?’ Brandon asked, confused. ‘Who?’ ‘What do you remember about Esther from the bible?’ she asked. ‘I remember a little from what mum and dad read to me. Mainly that she was courageous. But they haven’t read that one for a while.’ ‘Courageous? She was one of the most courageous women in history! Let me tell you the story again. It happened a long time ago,’ Skye began, putting on her teacher’s voice, ‘almost 2,500 years ago in fact. Long after King David had died, God’s people, who were called the Israelites or sometimes the Jews, stopped loving God and started living without him. So God sent his prophets to warn the Israelites to turn back to him. But they didn’t. So God punished the whole country when the army of Persia conquered them, and the Israelites were led away into exile.’ ‘Wait,’ Brandon said, interrupting her, ‘where’s Persia?’ ‘Persia was an ancient nation that is now called Iran,’ Skye replied. Brandon nodded that he understood so Skye continued. ‘While the Israelites were still living in exile in Persia, the king, Ahasuerus – who we think was actually King Xerxes,’ Brandon smirked again at the name but Skye ignored him, ‘married one of the Jews called Esther and made her his queen. But one of the king’s princes called Haman hated the Jews and wanted to kill all of them. So he made an evil plot and had the king sign a royal law so that Haman could have all of the Jews, all of God’s people, killed. ‘But Esther was told by Mordecai ‐ ’ ‘That’s another funny name,’ Brandon interrupted, trying his best not to laugh. Skye frowned and growled slightly. Brandon took the hint and closed his mouth. ‘Anyway,’ she continued, ‘Mordecai, who had looked after Esther since she was young, told her that she had to speak to the king and ask him to stop the killing from going ahead.’ ‘That doesn’t seem very courageous,’ Brandon said. ‘After all, they were married.’ ‘But in those days,’ Skye said, ‘even though she was his wife, Esther wasn’t allowed to see the king unless he asked to see her. Otherwise she could be put to death.’ ‘That’s horrible. Why?’ ‘It was a long time ago,’ Skye replied. ‘They did things differently back then. But that’s where she showed such huge courage. Even though she knew she could be put to death, she still went to see the king without being asked.’ ‘I can’t imagine mum letting dad get away with anything like that!’ Brandon joked. ‘And what happened?’ ‘The king was happy to see her. Eventually she asked him to stop the law to kill the Jews. King Xerxes listened to her and made another royal law so that the Jews wouldn’t be hurt. Then the evil Haman was killed for his wicked plot. ‘Even now, Jews around the world celebrate the Festival of Purim to remember God saving them through Esther.’ Brandon thought for a moment then scratched his head. ‘So what does that have to do with Aunt Thelma?’ he asked. ‘Well, if this Professor Airbon has found some relics that belonged to King Xerxes, then there may be something from Queen Esther there as well. We might be able to find some clues as to how she was able to show such great courage.’ Brandon was smiling now. ‘And then we could give something to Aunt Thelma to help her get her courage back.’ ‘Exactly,’ Skye said, smiling too. ‘So where to now?’ Brandon asked. ‘Well,’ Skye said, turning her attention back to the newspaper, ‘this article says that Professor Airbon is currently working at the Louvre.’ ‘The what?’ ‘The Louvre. It’s a museum. And it’s in Paris. So that means we’re going to France!’ Brandon yelled with excitement – he’d never been to France before, and it looked as though he and his sister were going to have another adventure together. Skye was grateful that Brandon always came with her on her adventures. Her parents were glad too, because they thought that somehow he was looking after her. Humph! She was the older one, and it was her that had to look after him! But, as painful as Brandon could be at times, he shared her excitement and love of adventure and she in turn enjoyed having him with her. It was good to have someone to share her experiences with. She even had to admit, grudgingly, that he had helped her in the past. But only once or twice. And she would have gotten herself out of trouble without him anyway; it just would have taken a little longer, that was all. Skye jumped onto her iPad to book some air tickets for her and Brandon to fly to France. She then told her parents where they were going. Even though she knew that her parents always worried when she and Brandon went travelling somewhere to search for lost items, she was thankful that they still encouraged them to go.
We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?
IF
condition
result
present simple
WILL + base verb
If
it rains
I will stay at home.
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):
Conditional sentences are a good component of English. It is not difficult to form them. First try to read the following grammar spot and then we keep on with some more exercises.
fm
The first conditional is used to talk about ...
1) A possible future situation and its result.
If you go out, you'll have fun.
Be careful - I know the first half looks like the present simple, but it's talking about the future.
We often use this form to make:
* promises
* threats,
* negotiate.
eg. I'll buy you a present if I go on holiday. (promise)
I'll hit you if you do that again! (threat)
If you lend me £5, I'll buy you a drink later. (negotiation)
Things to remember:
It doesn't matter if you say the situation or the result first. eg."I'll help you if you want" = "if you want, I'll help you."
You can use "unless" to mean "if not". "If you don't help me ..." = "Unless you help me ..."
================================================== paf18.01.2014 TWO WORD VERBS
This is a list of important two-word verbs.
You already know some phrasal verbs in English. Following you are going to find a few more which you can add to your own vocabulary.
Try to use them in your own sentences.
fm
Out look out/ watch out = be careful!
Look out! There’s a car coming
Work out = exercise (to become stronger or more
fit)
· Sarah
works out at the gym two or three times a week.
On Come on = be quick/
hurry
Come
on! Everybody is waiting for you. Go
on
= continue
I’m
sorry I interrupted you. Go on. (continue what you were saying)
How long will my cold go on, doctor? Keep on = continue (talking, etc)
I
asked them to be quiet, but they kept on talking.
Off
take off = leave the
ground (for airplanes)
·The
plane took off 20 minutes late, but landed on time.
Up
wake
up
= stop sleeping
·I
often wake up in the middle of the night.
Speak up = speak more loudly
·I
can’t hear you. Can you speak up, please?
Hurry up = do something more quickly
·Hurry
up! We haven’t got much time.
Clean up = make neat or clean
·After
the party, it took two hours to clean up.
Grow up = become an adult
·What
does your son want to do when he grows up?
Give up = stop trying
·I
know it’s difficult, but don’t give up.
Down
Slow down = go more slowly
·You’re
driving too fast. Slow down!
Break down = stop working
(for cars/ machines, etc)
·Sue
was very late because her car broke down.
Along
Get along = be together without problems
·Do
you like living with Mike? Do you two get along?
Sam doesn’t visit his parents often .He doesn’t
get along with his father .
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paf17.01.2014
Pershendetje,
Ju lutem ndiqni me kujdes kete adrese, lexoni me kujdes tekstin edhe njekohesisht degjoheni ate.
Following there will be a number of exercises which you can do on the following days. Just click on the exercises and you will get the right link for the right exercise. Number ten will be the most important.
Folja pull nderton disa kombinime interesante ne gjuhen angleze. po ju paraqes disa prej tyre te ilustruara me shembuj perkates per ti kuptuar me mire.
Jeni te lutur ti perdorni edhe ju ne fjalite tuaja te cilat mund ti komentojme kur te takohemi bashke ne sesionin e radhes.
* I went to the dentist to have a tooth pulled out.
* They are going to pull that building down.
* My friend has been very ill but I think he will pull round ( = get better )
* The child ran in front of the car and I had to pull up (= to stop ) quickly to avoid an accident.
* The boy pulled a face when he took the unpleasant-testing medicine.
* Take the car a little further along the street; you will find a place to pull in there.
Provoni njekohesisht edhe shqiperimin e ketyre frazave.
Following you can read a short fable just to go on with your studying of English. Find out all the new words.
The Miser and his Gold Illustrated by Paul Engin
Once upon a time there was a Miser who used to hide his gold at the foot of a tree in his garden; but every week he used to go and dig it up and gloat over his gains.
A robber, who had noticed this, went and dug up the gold and decamped with it. When the Miser next came to gloat over his treasures, he found nothing but the empty hole. He tore his hair, and raised such an outcry that all the neighbours came around him, and he told them how he used to come and visit his gold.
"Did you ever take any of it out?" asked one of them.
"Nay, said he, "I only came to look at it."
"Then come again and look at the hole," said a neighbour; "it will do you just as much good."
, then you can click it!
Singular
Do I
Long ago in ancient Japan, there lived two brothers named Asao and Ayato. Asao was the older brother and Ayato was the younger one. Now, these brothers were quite different from each other. While Asao was greedy and selfish, Ayato was a kind and helpful man. Both of them lived with their wives in houses that stood next to each other.
One day, Ayato had to go to another town for business. On the journey, he had to make his way through a forest. While walking through the forest, Ayato spotted a freshwater lake. Tired and thirsty, he drank some water. Just then, he noticed a forlorn child crying nearby. There was no parent or guardian to be seen. Taken by pity, Ayato approached the boy and asked him his name and where he had come from. The boy replied that he was from a nearby town and that he had lost his way in the forest, where he had come to collect fruits.
Ayato comforted him and offered him the bread that his wife had packed for him. As the child ate hungrily, Ayato told him that he would get him home and he would soon be with his parents. Cheered up, the boy smiled and hugged Ayato.
Immediately, there was a thunder clapping. To his amazement, Ayato saw the boy disappear and in his place, stood a tall old man with white hair and a flowing white beard. “I am the Spirit of the Lake,” he said, “And the child was me in disguise. I am impressed by your goodness and kindness. As a reward, I am giving you a magic conch. Blow it only when you are in trouble and it will take care of everything. And remember not to misuse it.”
Saying so, the Spirit gave Ayato a conch that had all the colours of the rainbow. As Ayato bowed low in gratitude, the old man vanished into thin air. Soon, Ayato resumed his journey and reached his destination. Having done a good business, he earned a lump sum amount of money. However, when he set off for home, it was late afternoon, and when he was travelling through the forest, it grew dark.
Soon, a group of thieves attacked Ayato and asked him to hand over all his valuables. Scared, Ayato did as he was told. The thieves grinned in glee when they saw the big booty that they got. Having robbed him of all his money, they let Ayato go. Ayato however, had the magic conch in his pocket, and no sooner than he was let free, he remembered the words of the Spirit of the Lake. “I am doomed,” he thought, “As all the money that I have earned has been taken away from me. Now is the time for me to blow the conch. Let me see what magic it does.”
Taking out the rainbow-hued conch, Ayato blew it. Once. Twice. Thrice. Now, the robbers were only a little distance away and Ayato could hear their laughter. However, with the blowing of the conch, their laughter stopped and there was silence. Curious, Ayato, ran in the direction of the robbers, blowing the conch from time to time. When he came to the thieves, he found them fast asleep with Ayato’s bundle of cash lying next to them. He realized that the peals of the conch put its hearers to sleep and hence, the thieves had dozed off all of a sudden.
Ayato quickly collected his money and made his way out of the forest. When he reached home, it was quite late into the night.
Asao soon came to know that his brother had been blessed with good fortune while doing business in the other town. He was very jealous and wanted to get equally rich, if not more. So he and his wife invited Ayato and his wife to dinner one night, and Asao asked his brother about where had gone and how he had conducted business, in order to follow the same path himself. Helpful by nature, Ayato gave Asao the business details and then, told him about the Spirit of the Lake and the magic conch. “Had it not been for the Spirit’s gift, the conch, I would have lost all my money and returned home empty-handed,” he replied.
A few days later, Asao set out for business like his brother. Soon, he came to the lake in the forest. Now, Asao was on the lookout for a crying child whom he would help and in return, get a reward from the Spirit of the Lake. However, it so happened that this time, the Spirit assumed the guise of a poor old woman carrying two pails of water. “Ooh!” signed the old woman, “These buckets are so heavy! If only I were younger, it would not be such trouble.” But in spite of seeing her pitiable plight, Asao did not come to help her. “Pooh! Why should I carry the buckets for her?” he thought, “She will not be able to give me anything. I will only help a crying child as I know it will be the Spirit of the Lake.” So he stood there even as the old woman grunted in pain.
At last, there was a clapping of thunder and the Spirit of the Lake appeared in his true form. “You are a very mean person!” he boomed, “You did not come forth to help a poor woman. Such a selfish man! You will not prosper in whatever that you are on your way to do.” And while a disappointed Asao stared, the Spirit disappeared. Just as the Spirit had predicted, Asao was not able to fare well in business. In fact, he lost a lot of money. He returned home angry, with lesser money than he had left with.
However, instead of repenting for his selfish act in the forest and trying to be a good person, Asao kept wondering about how he could get rich. He was so greedy that he was ready to go to any length to get money. Asao remembered the powers of the magic conch and hit upon a plan. One night, when Ayato and his wife were sound asleep, Asao stealthily stole the rainbow-coloured conch from their house. That same night, he broke into the King’s palace and entered the room containing the royal treasury. When the alarm was raised and the guards came running, Asao began blowing the magic conch, intending to lull them to sleep.
But none of the guards fell asleep! On the other hand, the sound of the conch helped them to easily locate Asao and nab him. Actually, the conch could only work its magic if it was used for a good purpose, as the Spirit had told Ayato. As Asao had misused it, it had worked just like an ordinary conch and had not put any of its hearers to sleep. Therefore, Asao ended up in prison for his greed.
============================================================
As you must know, words usually have more than a single meaning.
Likewise, some verbs have both stative and dynamic meanings.
For example, the verb "have" is such a verb.
It has many different meanings (you can learn about them in the English Helping Verbs Course). One of these meanings is "to own." This is a stative meaning, since it describes a state, and not an actual action.
Examples:
"I have two cats."
"You have a new laptop."
"We have too many problems."
Another meaning of the verb "have" is "to drink, eat, or smoke something."
Examples:
"They had a drink at the bar."
"We have lunch every day at noon."
"I will have a cigarette or two."
I think you can agree with me that this meaning is fully dynamic.
Drinking, eating and smoking are definitely actions and not states.
So in such a case, "have" can be used in the progressive tenses, too.
Correct: We never have breakfast. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: We are having lunch right now. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: We have a house. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: We are having a house. (stative meaning)
Correct: Jenifer tastes wine for a living. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: Jenifer is tasting some wine right now. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: This wine tastes awful. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: This wine is tasting awful. (stative meaning)
Correct: I always think too much. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: I am thinking about your offer. (dynamic meaning)
Correct: I think you are right. (stative meaning)
Incorrect: I am thinking you are right. (stative meaning)
Here are some verbs with both dynamic and stative meanings:
Be, have, see, smell, taste, think, expect, feel.
Example sentences (stative and then dynamic):
He is (has the identity of) a boy /
I don't expect (think it will happen) a raise /
1) A possible future situation and its result.
This is a list of important two-word verbs.
On 
The story was really interesting :)
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