Saturday, April 2, 2022

Relative clauses – defining relative clauses

 Relative clauses – defining relative clauses 

Fjalitë e varura lidhorefjalitë lidhore përcaktuese 

 

     Do you know how to define who or what you are talking about using relative clauses? Look at these examples to see how defining relative clauses are used. 

     A dini se si të përcaktoni se rreth kujt apo çfarë ju jeni duke folur duke përdorur fjalitë lidhore? Shihni këta shembuj për të parë se si përdoren fjalitë lidhore përcaktuese. 

  • Are you the one who sent me the email? 

  • The phone which has the most features is also the most expensive. 

  • This is the video that I wanted to show you. 

  • The person they spoke to was really helpful. 

 

 

Try this exercise to test your grammar. 

Provoni këtë ushtrim për testuar njohuritë tuaja gramatikore. 

 

 

   Choose all the correct options. 

   Zgjidhni të gjitha opsionet e sakta. 

 

  1. The woman ___ called said she'd ring again later. 

  • who 

  • which 

  • that 

  •  

 

  1. One of the people ___ I admire the most is Nelson Mandela. 

  • who 

  • that 

  • whose 

  •  

 

  1. That's the man ___ daughter is a professional footballer. 

  • who 

  • which 

  • that 

  • whose 

 

  1. Where's the book ___ Paul lent you? 

  • who 

  • which 

  • that 

  •  

 

  1. I'm looking for something ___ will clean glass. 

  • who 

  • which 

  • that 

  •  

 

  1. The day ___ they met was her birthday. 

  • who 

  • when 

  • whose 

  • where 

 

  1. The park ___ I go running is really peaceful. 

  • where 

  • that 

  • which 

  • whose 

 

  1. That's exactly the information ___ I needed! 

  • that 

  • who 

  • which 

  •  

 

 

 

Read the explanation to learn more. 

Lexoni shpjegimin për mësuar shumë. 

 

 

 

Grammar explanation 

Shpjegimi gramatikor 

   Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.  

   Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we are talking about. 

   Fjalitë e varura lidhore na japin të dhëna rreth personit apo gjësë së përmendur. 

   Fjalitë lidhore përcaktuese na japin të dhëna të rëndësishmetë dhëna që na tregojnë se për kë apo çfarë po flasim 

  • The woman who lives next door works in a bank.  

  • These are the flights that have been cancelled. 

 

   We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that, when, where or whose. 

   Ne zakonisht përdorim një përemër lidhor apo ndajfolje për të filluar një fjali lidhore përcaktuese: who, which, that, when, where dhe whose. 

 

 

who/that 

i cili / q^ 

   We can use who or that to talk about people. that is more common and a bit more informal. 

   Ne mund përdorim i cili apo që për të folur rreth sendeve. Që është më e zakontë dhe pak më informale. 

  • She's the woman who cuts my hair. 

  • He's the man that I met at the conference. 

 

 

which/that  

i cili / që 

   We can use which or that to talk about things. That is more common and a bit more informal. 

   Ne mund përdorim i cili apo që për të folur rreth sendeve. Që është më e zakontë dhe pak më informale. 

  • There was a one-year guarantee which came with the TV. 

  • The laptop that I bought last week has started making a strange noise! 

 

 

Other pronouns 

Përemrat e tjerë 

  • when can refer to a time. 

kur mund t’i referohet një kohe. 

  • Summer is the season when I'm happiest. 

 

  • where can refer to a place. 

ku mund t’i referohet një vendi. 

  • That's the stadium where Real Madrid play. 

 

  • whose refers to the person that something belongs to. 

i/e të cilit i referohet personit që i përket diçka. 

  • He's a musician whose albums have sold millions.  

 

 

 

Omitting the relative pronoun 

Heqja e përemrit lidhor 

   Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun. For example, we can usually leave out who, which or that if it is followed by a subject. 

   Ndonjëherë ne mund ta largojmë përemrin lidhor. Për shembull, zakonisht mund heqim who, which apo that kur ndiqet nga një kryefjalë. 

  • The assistant [that] we met was really kind. 

   (we = subject, can omit that) 

   (ne = kryefjalë, mund të heqim that) 

 

We can't usually leave it out if it is followed by a verb. 

Ne zakonisht nuk mund ta heqim atë nëse ndiqet nga një folje. 

  • The assistant that helped us was really kind. 

   (helped = verb, can't omit that) 

   (ndihmoi = folje, nuk mund të heqim that) 

 

 

 

 

Do this exercise to test your grammar again. 

Bëni këtë ushtrim për testuar sërish njohuritë tuaja gramatikore. 

 

 

   Choose all the correct options. 

   Zgjidhni të gjitha opsionet e sakta. 

 

  1. The film ___ we saw last week was awful. 

  • that 

  • which 

  • who 

  •  

 

  1. That's the hospital ___ I was born. 

  • when 

  • where 

  • who 

  • whose 

 

  1. The doctor ___ I usually see doesn't work there any more. 

  • that 

  • who 

  • whose 

  •  

 

  1. The week ___ they were in Edinburgh was lovely and sunny. 

  • when 

  • where 

  • who 

  • whose 

 

  1. That's the woman ___ bought my old car. 

  • that 

  • which 

  • who 

  •  

 

  1. He called a plumber ___ he found online. 

  • that 

  • who 

  • whose 

  •  

 

  1. They ate at a restaurant ___ serves only vegan dishes. 

  • that 

  • where 

  • which 

  •  

 

  1. The passengers ___ flights were cancelled got a refund. 

  • that 

  • where 

  • who 

  • whose 

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