paf30.10.2018

Dear students,

I wish you all a very nice evening! Please find enclosed a short lecture on some very basic grammar points. Enjoy studying it.

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1 Be:Present Simple (1) (I am,I’m not) 

1 Here are some examples of be in the Present Simple: 

This is my brother.He’s ten years old. 

I’m a student.These are my books. 

They aren’t at home.They’re at the theatre. 

2 We form the Present Simple of be like this: 

POSITIVE
	Full form	Short form
Singular	I am	I’m
	You are	You’re
	He/she/it is	He’s/she’s/it’s
Plural	We are	We’re
	You are	You’re
	They are	They’re
NEGATIVE
	Full form	Short form
Singular	I am not	I’m not
	You are not	You aren’t
	He/she/it is not	He/she/it isn’t
Plural	We are not	We aren’t
	You are not	You aren’t
	They are not	They aren’t

3 In speech,we usually use the short forms: 

She’s my sister.   He’s my brother. 

I’m from Italy.      They’re German. 

4 We use be: 

• To say who we are:   

I’m Steve and this is my friend Bill. We’re from Scotland. 

I’m Janet and these are my sisters. This is Sandra and this is Patricia.  

Sandra and Patricia are doctors. 

   

• To talk about the weather: 

It’s cold today. 

It’s a beautiful day. 

It’s usually hot here! 

It isn’t very warm today. 

• To talk about the time: 

It’s ten o’clock. 

It’s half past four. 

You’re late! 

• To talk about places: 

Milan is in the north of Italy. 

John and Mary are in Yorkshire. 

• To talk about people’s ages: 

My sister is six years old. 

Practice 

1. Maria is from Brazil. She is writing about herself and her family. Put full forms of be in the gaps. 

0. I am a student from Brazil. 

0. My parents are not (not) rich. 

1. My father is a teacher. 

2. My mother is not (not) Brazilian. 

3. She is from America. 

4. I am twenty years old. 

5. My little brother is two. 

6. My older brothers are not (not) students. 

7. They are in the army. 

8. It is often very hot in Brazil. 

2. Now fill these gaps.This time,use short forms of be,as in the examples. 

0. I’m a doctor. 

0. I’m not (not) a bank manager. 

1. She isn’t (not) a teacher. 

2. He’s a student. 

3. They’re at home. 

4. They aren’t (not) in the park. 

5. It isn’t (not) cold today. 

6. It’s very hot. 

7. We’re from Paris. 

8. We aren’t (not) from Bordeaux. 

9. You aren’t ( not) twenty-one. 

10. I’m twenty-four. 

C . Look at these pictures. These people are saying who they are. Write sentences, choosing the correct jobs from the box, as in the example. 

policeman, an artist, a teacher, a film star, a scientist, a photographer. 

a pop star	a farmer	a bank manager	a  footballer	a dentist	a doctor
a policeman	an artist	a teacher	a film star	a scientist	a photographer

0. 
   

Names:	Paolo, Federico
Nationality:	Italy
Jobs:	Policeman, footballer

I’m Paolo and this is Federico. We’re from Italy. I’m a policeman and Federico is a footballer. 

1 

Names:	Bjorn, Liv
Nationality:	Sweden
Jobs:	Doctor, film star

I’m Bjorn and this is Liv. We’re from Sweden. I’m a doctor and Liv is a film star. 

2 

Names:	Maria, Pedro
Nationality:	Mexico
Jobs:	Teacher, pop star

I’m Maria and this is Pedro. We’re from Mexico. I’m a a teacher and Pedro is a pop star. 

3 

Names:	Jim, Mary
Nationality:	Australia
Jobs:	Bank manager, artist

I’m Jim and this is Mary. We’re from Australia. I’m a bank manager and Mary is an artist. 

4 

Names:	Tomoko, Akira
Nationality:	Japan
Jobs:	Dentist, photographer

I’m Tomoko and this is Akira. We’re from Japan. I’m a dentist and Akira is a photographer. 

5 

Names:	Rajiv, Vikram
Nationality:	India
Jobs:	Scientist, farmer

I’m Rajiv and this is Vikram. We’re from India. I’m a scientist and Vikram is a farmer. 

D . Choose words from the box to put in the gaps. 

He’s	She’s	They’re	It’s (x3)
are	Is	We	isn’t

0. My parents live in Scotland.They’re teachers. 

1. New York isn’t in England.It’s in America. 

2. Paul is from Germany.He’s German. 

3. My sister is a doctor.She’s thirty years old. 

4. It’s six o’clock!We are late. 

5. It’s very cold today.Let’s stay at home. 

6. Look at the time!Chris and Mary are late.